Nehemiah 13:15 · JPS 1917
In those days saw I in Judah some treading winepresses on the sabbath, and bringing in heaps of corn, and lading asses therewith; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day; and I forewarned them in the day wherein they sold victuals.
Who acts: I, treading winepresses, asses, heaps · What happens: see, tread, bring in, lade, bring, forewarn · To what, where: treading winepresses, Judah, heaps, manner, Jerusalem, victuals
This is Nehemiah 13:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, treading winepresses, asses, heaps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 days | case |
| 2 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 days | det |
| 3 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 saw | obl |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Judah | case |
| 7 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl |
| 8 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 winepresses | det |
| 9 | treading | tread | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 winepresses | amod |
| 10 | winepresses | winepress | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 saw | obj |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 sabbath | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sabbath | det |
| 13 | sabbath | sabbath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 winepresses | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 bringing | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 bringing | cc |
| 16 | bringing | bring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 winepresses | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 bringing | compound:prt |
| 18 | heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 bringing | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 corn | case |
| 20 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 heaps | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 asses | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 asses | cc |
| 23 | lading | lade | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 asses | acl |
| 24 | asses | ass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 winepresses | conj |
| 25 | therewith | therewith | ADV | _ | 24 asses | advmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 wine | punct |
| 27 | as | as | ADP | _ | 29 wine | case |
| 28 | also | also | ADV | _ | 29 wine | advmod |
| 29 | wine | wine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 asses | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 grapes | punct |
| 31 | grapes | grape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 wine | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 figs | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 figs | cc |
| 34 | figs | fig | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 wine | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 manner | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 manner | cc |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 manner | det |
| 38 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 wine | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 burdens | case |
| 40 | burdens | burden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 manner | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 brought | punct |
| 42 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 brought | obj |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 brought | nsubj |
| 44 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 manner | acl:relcl |
| 45 | into | into | ADP | _ | 46 Jerusalem | case |
| 46 | Jerusalem | Jerusalem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 brought | obl |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 50 day | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 day | det |
| 49 | sabbath | sabbath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 day | compound |
| 50 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 brought | obl |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 54 forewarned | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 forewarned | cc |
| 53 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 54 forewarned | nsubj |
| 54 | forewarned | forewarn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 55 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 forewarned | obj |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 58 day | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 day | det |
| 58 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 forewarned | obl |
| 59 | wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Rel | 61 sold | advmod |
| 60 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 sold | nsubj |
| 61 | sold | sell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 day | acl:relcl |
| 62 | victuals | victual | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 sold | obj |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | I | some treading winepresses and asses | Judah | on the sabbath; day | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer winepress=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | tread | gerund | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | bring in | gerund | some treading winepresses and asses not said here | heaps of corn | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme heap=Asset | ||||
| 4 | lade | gerund | asses not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | bring | past | heaps = heap | all manner of burdens | Jerusalem | day | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme into jerusalem=Destination | ||
| 6 | forewarn | past | I | heaps = heap | day | tree rules | |||
| 7 | sell | past | heaps = heap | victuals | wherein property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victual=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֡מָּה רָאִ֣יתִי בִֽיהוּדָ֣ה ׀ דֹּֽרְכִֽים־גִּתּ֣וֹת ׀ בַּשַּׁבָּ֡ת וּמְבִיאִ֣ים הָעֲרֵמ֣וֹת וְֽעֹמְסִ֪ים עַל־הַחֲמֹרִ֟ים וְאַף־יַ֜יִן עֲנָבִ֤ים וּתְאֵנִים֙ וְכָל־מַשָּׂ֔א וּמְבִיאִ֥ים יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וָאָעִ֕יד בְּי֖וֹם מִכְרָ֥ם צָֽיִד׃
Nehemiah 13:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NEH:421 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.421/