Proverbs 4:19 · JPS 1917
The way of the wicked is as darkness; they know not at what they stumble.
Who acts: way, paths · What happens: be, not know, stumble · To what, where: darkness · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Proverbs 4:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, paths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 way | det |
| 2 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 darkness | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 wicked | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 wicked | det |
| 5 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 way | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 darkness | cop |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 darkness | case |
| 8 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 know | punct |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 know | nsubj |
| 11 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 darkness | parataxis |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 know | advmod |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 what | case |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 know | obl |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 stumble | nsubj |
| 16 | stumble | stumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 know | ccomp |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 darkness | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the way of the wicked | as darkness | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not know | present | paths = path | darkness | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | stumble | present | paths = path | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
דֶּ֣רֶךְ רְ֭שָׁעִים כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑ה לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּמֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ׃פ
Proverbs 4:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PRO:109 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.109/