Proverbs 24:28 · JPS 1917
Be not a witness against thy neighbour without cause; and deceive not with thy lips.
Who acts: you · What happens: not be, not deceive · To what, where: witness
This is Proverbs 24:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 witness | cop |
| 2 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 witness | advmod |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 witness | det |
| 4 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | against | against | ADP | _ | 7 neighbour | case |
| 6 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 7 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 7 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 witness | nmod |
| 8 | without | without | ADP | _ | 9 cause | case |
| 9 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 witness | nmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 deceive | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 deceive | cc |
| 12 | deceive | deceive | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 witness | conj |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 deceive | advmod |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 lips | case |
| 15 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 16 lips | nmod:poss |
| 16 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 deceive | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 witness | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- other
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | imperative | you not said here | a witness | against thy neighbour; without cause | tree rules | |||
| 2 | not deceive | infinitive | you not said here | with thy lips | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אַל־תְּהִ֣י עֵד־חִנָּ֣ם בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃
Proverbs 24:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PRO:715 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.715/