Psalms 140:4 · JPS 1917
They have sharpened their tongue like a serpent; vipers' venom is under their lips.
Who acts: things, venom · What happens: sharpen, be · To what, where: tongue, lips
This is Psalms 140:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things, venom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 sharpened | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 sharpened | aux |
| 3 | sharpened | sharpen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 5 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sharpened | obj |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 8 serpent | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 serpent | det |
| 8 | serpent | serpent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sharpened | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 lips | punct |
| 10 | vipers | viper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 venom | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 10 vipers | case |
| 12 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lips | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 lips | cop |
| 14 | under | under | ADP | _ | 16 lips | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 lips | nmod:poss |
| 16 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sharpened | parataxis |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sharpened | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sharpen | present · perfect | things = thing | things's tongue | like a serpent | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient | |||
| 2 | is | present | vipers's venom | things's lips | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
שָֽׁנֲנ֣וּ לְשׁוֹנָם֮ כְּֽמוֹ־נָ֫חָ֥שׁ חֲמַ֥ת עַכְשׁ֑וּב תַּ֖חַת שְׂפָתֵ֣ימוֹ סֶֽלָה׃
Psalms 140:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PSA:2555 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.2555/