1 Samuel 16:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: favour, evil spirit, David, Saul · What happens: come, pass, be, take, play, find · To what, where: harp, relief

This is 1 Samuel 16:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — favour, evil spirit, David, Saul — and what happens in the verse to harp, relief, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְי֤וֹת רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנּ֖וֹר וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְט֣וֹב ל֔וֹ וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃פ

And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; so Saul found relief, and it was well with him, and the evil spirit departed from him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 שָׁא֔וּל	cc	and
2	הָיָ֗ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שָׁא֔וּל	cop	it was
3	בִּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 שָׁא֔וּל	case	when
4	הְי֤וֹת	הָיָה	AUX	HebBinyan=QAL	8 שָׁא֔וּל	cop	was
5	רֽוּחַ־	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 שָׁא֔וּל	nsubj	a spirit
6	אֱלֹהִים֙	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 רֽוּחַ־	compound:smixut	of God
7	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 שָׁא֔וּל	case	to
8	שָׁא֔וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	root	root	Saul
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 לָקַ֥ח	cc	and
10	לָקַ֥ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שָׁא֔וּל	conj	he took
11	דָּוִ֛ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	10 לָקַ֥ח	nsubj	David
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	14 כִּנּ֖וֹר	case	(et)
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 כִּנּ֖וֹר	det	the
14	כִּנּ֖וֹר	כִּנּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 לָקַ֥ח	obj	harp
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 נִגֵּ֣ן	cc	and
16	נִגֵּ֣ן	נָגַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שָׁא֔וּל	conj	he played [it]
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 יָד	case	with
18	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 נִגֵּ֣ן	obl	hand
19	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יָד	nmod:poss	his
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 רָוַ֤ח	cc	and
21	רָוַ֤ח	רָוַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שָׁא֔וּל	conj	it was relief
22	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	23 שָׁאוּל֙	case	to
23	שָׁאוּל֙	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	21 רָוַ֤ח	obl	Saul
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 ט֣וֹב	cc	and
25	ט֣וֹב	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שָׁא֔וּל	conj	good
26	ל	לְ	ADP	_	27 ֔וֹ	case	[belonged] to
27	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 ט֣וֹב	obl	him
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 סָ֥רָה	cc	and
29	סָ֥רָה	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שָׁא֔וּל	conj	it departed
30	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	32 ו	case	from
31	עָלָ֖י	עַל	ADP	_	32 ו	case	on
32	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 סָ֥רָה	obl	him
33	ר֥וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 סָ֥רָה	nsubj	the spirit
34	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	35 רָעָֽה	det	of (the)
35	רָעָֽה	רַע	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	33 ר֥וּחַ	compound:smixut	evil
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 רָעָֽה	punct
37	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	35 רָעָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הְיוֹת was	infinitive construct · qal	רֽוּחַ־ a spirit
לָקַח he took	weqatal · qal	דָּוִד David	כִּנּוֹר harp
נִגֵּן he played [it]	qatal · piel	דָּוִד David
רָוַח it was relief	qatal · qal
סָרָה it departed	weqatal · qal	רוּחַ the spirit

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד שַׁרְיָא רוּחַ בִּישָׁא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ לְוַת שָׁאוּל וּנְסִיב דָוִד יַת כִּנוֹרָא וּמְנַגֵן בִּידֵיהּ וּמִתְרְוַח לְשָׁאוּל וְטָב לֵיהּ וּמִסְתַּלְקָא מִנֵיהּ רוּחַ בִּישָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; so Saul found relief, and it was well with him, and the evil spirit departed from him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:405.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.23/