1 Samuel 17:42 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Philistine, David · What happens: look, see, disdain, be · To what, where: David, shepherd, youth

This is 1 Samuel 17:42 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistine, David — and what happens in the verse to David, shepherd, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him; for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and withal of a fair countenance.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּבֵּ֧ט	cc	and
2	יַּבֵּ֧ט	נָבַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he looked
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י	det	the
4	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּבֵּ֧ט	nsubj	Philistine
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יִּרְאֶ֥ה	cc	and
6	יִּרְאֶ֥ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּבֵּ֧ט	conj	he saw
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 דָּוִ֖ד	case	(et)
8	דָּוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	6 יִּרְאֶ֥ה	obj	David
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יִּבְז	cc	and
10	יִּבְז	בָּזָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּבֵּ֧ט	conj	he
11	ֵ֑הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 יִּבְז	obj	despised him
12	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 נַ֔עַר	mark	(dm)
13	הָיָ֣ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	14 נַ֔עַר	cop	he was
14	נַ֔עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּבֵּ֧ט	advcl	a youth
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 אַדְמֹנִ֖י	cc	and
16	אַדְמֹנִ֖י	אַדְמֹנִי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּבֵּ֧ט	conj	red
17	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	18 יְפֵ֥ה	case	with
18	יְפֵ֥ה	יָפֶה	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אַדְמֹנִ֖י	obl	handsome
19	מַרְאֶֽה	מַרְאֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יְפֵ֥ה	compound:smixut	of appearance
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 מַרְאֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּבֵּט he looked	wayyiqtol · hiphil	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
יִּרְאֶה he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine	דָּוִד David
יִּבְז he	wayyiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine	ֵהוּ despised him
הָיָה he was	qatal · qal	דָּוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִסְתְּכֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאָה וַחֲזָא יַת דָוִד וְשַׁטְיֵהּ אֲרֵי הֲוָה יַנִיק וְסַמוֹק שַׁפִּיר בְּרֵיוֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him; for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and withal of a fair countenance.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:447.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.42/