1 Samuel 17:55 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, David, youth, Abner, soul, I · What happens: see, go, say, be, live, not tell · To what, where: David, Philistine, son · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 17:55 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, David, youth, Abner, soul, I — and what happens in the verse to David, Philistine, son, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְכִרְא֨וֹת שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֗ד יֹצֵא֙ לִקְרַ֣את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אָמַ֗ר אֶל־אַבְנֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר חֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אִם־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃

And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host: 'Abner, whose son is this youth?' And Abner said: 'As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אָמַ֗ר	cc	and
2	כִ	כְּ	ADP	_	3 רְא֨וֹת	case	just
3	רְא֨וֹת	רָאָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 אָמַ֗ר	advcl	as saw
4	שָׁא֜וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	3 רְא֨וֹת	nsubj	Saul
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	7 יֹצֵא֙	case	(et)
6	דָּוִ֗ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	7 יֹצֵא֙	nsubj	David
7	יֹצֵא֙	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 רְא֨וֹת	obj	going out
8	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	9 קְרַ֣את	case	to
9	קְרַ֣את	קָרָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	7 יֹצֵא֙	advcl	meet
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	det	the
11	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 קְרַ֣את	obj	Philistine
12	אָמַ֗ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
13	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	14 אַבְנֵר֙	case	to
14	אַבְנֵר֙	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	12 אָמַ֗ר	obl	Abner
15	שַׂ֣ר	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אַבְנֵר֙	appos	the commander
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 צָּבָ֔א	det	of
17	צָּבָ֔א	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 שַׂ֣ר	compound:smixut	the army
18	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אָמַ֗ר	ccomp	son
19	מִי־	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	18 בֶּן־	nmod:poss	of whom?
20	זֶ֥ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	18 בֶּן־	nsubj	this
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 נַּ֖עַר	det	[is] the
22	נַּ֖עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 זֶ֥ה	appos	youth
23	אַבְנֵ֑ר	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	18 בֶּן־	parataxis	O Abner
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
25	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 אָמַ֗ר	conj	he said
26	אַבְנֵ֔ר	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	25 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Abner
27	חֵֽי־	חַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	[by] the life
28	נַפְשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 חֵֽי־	nsubj	your self
29	ְךָ֥	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	28 נַפְשׁ	nmod:poss	your
30	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 מֶּ֖לֶךְ	det	O
31	מֶּ֖לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 חֵֽי־	parataxis	king
32	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	33 יָדָֽעְתִּי	mark	if
33	יָדָֽעְתִּי	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	27 חֵֽי־	parataxis	I know
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 יָדָֽעְתִּי	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רְאוֹת as saw	infinitive construct · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	יֹצֵא going out
יֹצֵא going out	participle active · qal	דָּוִד David
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	דָּוִד David	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
אָמַר he said	qatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
יָדָֽעְתִּי I know	qatal · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְכַד חֲזָא שָׁאוּל יַת דָוִד נָפִיק לָקֳדָמוּת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי אֲמַר לְאַבְנֵר רַב חֵילָא בַּר מַן דֵין עוּלֵימָא אַבְנֵר וַאֲמַר אַבְנֵר חַיֵי נַפְשָׁךְ מַלְכָּא אִם יְדַע אֲנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host: 'Abner, whose son is this youth?' And Abner said: 'As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:460.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.55/