1 Samuel 19:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, Saul, Samuel · What happens: flee, escape, come, tell, do, go · To what, where: Samuel, all, David, Naioth · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Saul, Samuel — and what happens in the verse to Samuel, all, David, Naioth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְדָוִ֨ד בָּרַ֜ח וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט וַיָּבֹ֤א אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל֙ הָרָמָ֔תָה וַיַּ֨גֶּד־ל֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־ל֖וֹ שָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הוּא֙ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בְּנָֽיוֹת׃

Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 בָּרַ֜ח	cc	and
2	דָוִ֨ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	3 בָּרַ֜ח	nsubj	David
3	בָּרַ֜ח	בָּרַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he fled
4	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 יִּמָּלֵ֗ט	cc	and
5	יִּמָּלֵ֗ט	מָלַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 בָּרַ֜ח	conj	he escaped
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יָּבֹ֤א	cc	and
7	יָּבֹ֤א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 בָּרַ֜ח	conj	he went
8	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	9 שְׁמוּאֵל֙	case	to
9	שְׁמוּאֵל֙	שְׁמוּאֵל	PROPN	_	7 יָּבֹ֤א	obl	Samuel
10	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 רָמָ֔ת	det	to
11	רָמָ֔ת	רָמָה	PROPN	_	7 יָּבֹ֤א	obl	(the)
12	ָה	ה	X	_	11 רָמָ֔ת	nmod	Ramah
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יַּ֨גֶּד־	cc	and
14	יַּ֨גֶּד־	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 בָּרַ֜ח	conj	he told
15	ל	לְ	ADP	_	16 ֔וֹ	case	to
16	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 יַּ֨גֶּד־	obl	him
17	אֵ֛ת	אֵת	ADP	_	18 כָּל־	case	(et)
18	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יַּ֨גֶּד־	obj	all
19	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 עָֽשָׂה־	mark	that
20	עָֽשָׂה־	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 כָּל־	acl:relcl	he had done
21	ל	לְ	ADP	_	22 ֖וֹ	case	to
22	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 עָֽשָׂה־	obl	him
23	שָׁא֑וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	20 עָֽשָׂה־	nsubj	Saul
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יֵּ֤לֶךְ	cc	and
25	יֵּ֤לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 בָּרַ֜ח	conj	he went
26	הוּא֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 יֵּ֤לֶךְ	nsubj	he
27	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל	cc	and
28	שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל	שְׁמוּאֵל	PROPN	_	26 הוּא֙	conj	Samuel
29	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 יֵּשְׁב֖וּ	cc	and
30	יֵּשְׁב֖וּ	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 בָּרַ֜ח	conj	they dwelt
31	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	32 נָֽיוֹת	case	at
32	נָֽיוֹת	נָיֹות	PROPN	_	30 יֵּשְׁב֖וּ	obl	Naioth
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 נָֽיוֹת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
בָּרַח he fled	qatal · qal	דָוִד David
יִּמָּלֵט he escaped	wayyiqtol · niphal	דָוִד David
יָּבֹא he went	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יַּגֶּד־ he told	wayyiqtol · hiphil	כָּל־ all		דָוִד David
עָֽשָׂה־ he had done	qatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	כָּל־ all
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	הוּא he + שְׁמוּאֵל Samuel
יֵּשְׁבוּ they dwelt	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David + שְׁמוּאֵל Samuel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְדָוִד עֲרַק וְאִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב וַאֲתָא לְוַת שְׁמוּאֵל לְרָמָתָא וְחַוֵי לֵיהּ יַת כָּל דִי עֲבַד לֵיהּ שָׁאוּל וַאֲזַל הוּא וּשְׁמוּאֵל וִיתִיבוּ בְּבֵית אוּלְפָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:511.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.18/