1 Samuel 20:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: I, arrows, peace, LORD · What happens: send, go, find, say, be, take · To what, where: lad, arrows, side · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 20:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, arrows, peace, LORD — and what happens in the verse to lad, arrows, side, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר לֵ֖ךְ מְצָ֣א אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים אִם־אָמֹר֩ אֹמַ֨ר לַנַּ֜עַר הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֣ים ׀ מִמְּךָ֣ וָהֵ֗נָּה קָחֶ֧נּוּ ׀ וָבֹ֛אָה כִּֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֛ וְאֵ֥ין דָּבָ֖ר חַי־יְהוָֽה׃

And, behold, I will send the lad: Go, find the arrows. If I say unto the lad: Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee; take them, and come; for there is peace to thee and no hurt, as the LORD liveth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	cc	and
2	הִנֵּה֙	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	discourse	there!
3	אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I will send
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 נַּ֔עַר	case	(et)
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 נַּ֔עַר	det	the
6	נַּ֔עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	obj	lad
7	לֵ֖ךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	parataxis	go
8	מְצָ֣א	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 לֵ֖ךְ	parataxis	find
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 חִצִּ֑ים	case	(et)
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 חִצִּ֑ים	det	the
11	חִצִּ֑ים	חֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 מְצָ֣א	obj	arrows
12	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	14 אֹמַ֨ר	mark	if
13	אָמֹר֩	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 אֹמַ֨ר	obl:npmod	explicitly (say)
14	אֹמַ֨ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	30 בֹ֛א	advcl	I will say
15	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	17 נַּ֜עַר	case	to
16	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 נַּ֜עַר	det	the
17	נַּ֜עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אֹמַ֨ר	obl	lad
18	הִנֵּ֥ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	23 ְךָ֣	discourse	there!
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 חִצִּ֣ים	det	the
20	חִצִּ֣ים	חֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 ְךָ֣	nsubj	arrows
21	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	20 חִצִּ֣ים	punct
22	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	23 ְךָ֣	case	[are] from
23	ְךָ֣	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 אֹמַ֨ר	ccomp	you
24	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 קָח	cc	and
25	הֵ֗נָּה	הֵנָּה	ADV	_	26 קָח	advmod	hither
26	קָח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	23 ְךָ֣	conj	fetch
27	ֶ֧נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 קָח	obj	it
28	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	27 ֶ֧נּוּ	punct
29	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 בֹ֛א	cc	and
30	בֹ֛א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	parataxis	come
31	ָה	ה	X	_	30 בֹ֛א	nmod
32	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	35 ְךָ֛	mark	(dm)
33	שָׁל֥וֹם	שָׁלוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	35 ְךָ֛	nsubj	safety
34	ל	לְ	ADP	_	35 ְךָ֛	case	[belongs] to
35	ְךָ֛	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	advcl	you
36	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 אֵ֥ין	cc	and
37	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	35 ְךָ֛	conj	there [is] not
38	דָּבָ֖ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	37 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	anything
39	חַי־	חַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח	parataxis	[by] the life
40	יְהוָֽה	יהוה	PROPN	_	39 חַי־	nsubj	of Yahweh
41	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	40 יְהוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֶשְׁלַח I will send	yiqtol · qal		נַּעַר lad
לֵךְ go	imperative · qal	נַּעַר lad
מְצָא find	imperative · qal	נַּעַר lad	חִצִּים arrows
אֹמַר I will say	yiqtol · qal		ְךָ you + קָח fetch
קָח fetch	imperative · qal		ֶנּוּ it
בֹא come	imperative · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְהָא אֶשְׁלַח יַת עוּלֵימָא אֱזֵיל וְאַיְתֵי יַת גִירַיָא אִם מֵימַר אֵימַר לְעוּלֵימָא הָא גִירַיָא מִנָךְ וּלְכָא סַבְהִי וְאַיְתָא אֲרֵי שְׁלָם לָךְ וְלֵית מִדַעַם בִּישׁ קַיָם הוּא יְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:538.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.21/