1 Samuel 23:16 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: son · What happens: arise, go, strengthen · To what, where: David, wood, hand

This is 1 Samuel 23:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — son — and what happens in the verse to David, wood, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד חֹ֑רְשָׁה וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־יָד֖וֹ בֵּאלֹהִֽים׃

And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֙קָם֙	cc	and
2	יָּ֙קָם֙	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he arose
3	יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֙קָם֙	nsubj	Jonathan
4	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן	appos	the son
5	שָׁא֔וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	4 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Saul
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	cc	and
7	יֵּ֥לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֙קָם֙	conj	he went
8	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	9 דָּוִ֖ד	case	to
9	דָּוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	7 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	obl	David
10	חֹ֑רְשָׁה	חֹרְשָׁה	PROPN	_	7 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	obl	Horesh
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יְחַזֵּ֥ק	cc	and
12	יְחַזֵּ֥ק	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֙קָם֙	conj	he strengthened
13	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	14 יָד	case	(et)
14	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 יְחַזֵּ֥ק	obj	hand
15	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 יָד	nmod:poss	his
16	בֵּ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 אלֹהִֽים	case	in
17	אלֹהִֽים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 יְחַזֵּ֥ק	obl	God
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 אלֹהִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
יְחַזֵּק he strengthened	wayyiqtol · piel	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan	יָד hand

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקָם יְהוֹנָתָן בַּר שָׁאוּל וַאֲזַל לְוַת דָוִד לְחוּרְשָׁא וּתְקֵיף יַת יְדֵיהּ בְּמֵימְרָא דַיָי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:614.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.16/