1 Samuel 23:28 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, Philistines · What happens: return, pursue, go, call · To what, where: Philistines, place · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 23:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, Philistines — and what happens in the verse to Philistines, place, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֣שָׁב שָׁא֗וּל מִרְדֹף֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ לִקְרַ֣את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּ֗ן קָֽרְאוּ֙ לַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא סֶ֖לַע הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת סֶ֖לַע הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת׃

So Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines; therefore they called that place Sela-hammahlekoth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֣שָׁב	cc	and
2	יָּ֣שָׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he turned back
3	שָׁא֗וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֣שָׁב	nsubj	Saul
4	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	5 רְדֹף֙	case	from
5	רְדֹף֙	רָדַף	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יָּ֣שָׁב	advcl	pursuing
6	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	7 דָוִ֔ד	case	after
7	דָוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	5 רְדֹף֙	obl	David
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יֵּ֖לֶךְ	cc	and
9	יֵּ֖לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣שָׁב	conj	he went
10	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	11 קְרַ֣את	case	to
11	קְרַ֣את	קָרָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	9 יֵּ֖לֶךְ	advcl	meet
12	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 קְרַ֣את	obj	[the] Philistines
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	14 כֵּ֗ן	case	therefore
14	כֵּ֗ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	2 יָּ֣שָׁב	conj
15	קָֽרְאוּ֙	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּ֣שָׁב	parataxis	people called
16	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	18 מָּק֣וֹם	case	(to)
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 מָּק֣וֹם	det	the
18	מָּק֣וֹם	מָקוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 קָֽרְאוּ֙	obl	place
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 ה֔וּא	det	(the)
20	ה֔וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 מָּק֣וֹם	det	that
21	סֶ֖לַע	סֶלַע	PROPN	_	15 קָֽרְאוּ֙	dep	Sela
22	הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת	_	PROPN	_	21 סֶ֖לַע	flat:name
23	סֶ֖לַע	הַ	PROPN	_	15 קָֽרְאוּ֙	dep	Hammahlekoth
24	הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת	_	PROPN	_	23 סֶ֖לַע	flat:name
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 סֶ֖לַע	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּשָׁב he turned back	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
רְדֹף pursuing	infinitive construct · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	פְּלִשְׁתִּים [the] Philistines
קָֽרְאוּ people called	qatal · qal		סֶלַע Sela

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְתַב שָׁאוּל מִלְמִרְדַף בָּתַר דָוִד וַאֲזַל לִקְדָמוּת פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי עַל כֵּן קְרוֹ לְאַתְרָא הַהוּא כֵּיף פַּלְגוּתָא אַתְרָא דְאִתְפְּלֵיג בֵּיהּ לִבָּא דְמַלְכָּא לְמֵיזַל לְכָא וּלְכָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines; therefore they called that place Sela-hammahlekoth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:626.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.28/