1 Samuel 24:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, David · What happens: come, be, go in, cover, sit · To what, where: sheepcotes, cave, feet, innermost parts

This is 1 Samuel 24:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, David — and what happens in the verse to sheepcotes, cave, feet, innermost parts, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃

And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet. Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts of the cave.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹא	cc	and
2	יָּבֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he came
3	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	4 גִּדְר֨וֹת	case	to
4	גִּדְר֨וֹת	גְּדֵרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 יָּבֹא	obl	the folds
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 צֹּ֤אן	det	of
6	צֹּ֤אן	צֹאן	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 גִּדְר֨וֹת	compound:smixut	the sheep
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	9 דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙	case	on
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙	det	the
9	דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יָּבֹא	obl	way
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 שָׁ֣ם	cc	and [was]
11	שָׁ֣ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	2 יָּבֹא	conj	there
12	מְעָרָ֔ה	מְעָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 שָׁ֣ם	nsubj	a cave
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יָּבֹ֥א	cc	and
14	יָּבֹ֥א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹא	conj	he went
15	שָׁא֖וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	14 יָּבֹ֥א	nsubj	Saul
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 הָסֵ֣ךְ	case	to
17	הָסֵ֣ךְ	סָכַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	14 יָּבֹ֥א	advcl	cover
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	19 רַגְלָ֑י	case	(et)
19	רַגְלָ֑י	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	17 הָסֵ֣ךְ	obj	feet
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 רַגְלָ֑י	nmod:poss	his
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 יֹשְׁבִֽים	cc	and
22	דָוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	30 יֹשְׁבִֽים	nsubj	David
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 אֲנָשָׁ֔י	cc	and
24	אֲנָשָׁ֔י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 דָוִד֙	conj	men
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 אֲנָשָׁ֔י	nmod:poss	his
26	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	27 יַרְכְּתֵ֥י	case	in
27	יַרְכְּתֵ֥י	יַרְכָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	30 יֹשְׁבִֽים	obl	the innermost parts
28	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 מְּעָרָ֖ה	det	of
29	מְּעָרָ֖ה	מְעָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	27 יַרְכְּתֵ֥י	compound:smixut	the cave
30	יֹשְׁבִֽים	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 יָּבֹא	conj	[were] sitting
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 יֹשְׁבִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal
יָּבֹא he went	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
הָסֵךְ cover	infinitive construct · hiphil	רַגְלָי feet	שָׁאוּל Saul
יֹשְׁבִֽים [were] sitting	participle active · qal	דָוִד David + אֲנָשָׁי men

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתָא לְחַטְרֵי עָאנָא דְעַל אוֹרְחָא וְתַמָן מְעַרְתָּא וְעַל שָׁאוּל לְמֶעְבַּד צוֹרְכֵיהּ וְדָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי בִסְיָפֵי מְעַרְתָּא יָתְבִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:630.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.4/