1 Samuel 24:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, Saul · What happens: arise, go out, cry, say, look, bow · To what, where: cave, Saul · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 24:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Saul — and what happens in the verse to cave, Saul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס

David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֨קָם	cc	and
2	יָּ֨קָם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he arose
3	דָּוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֨קָם	nsubj	David
4	אַחֲרֵי־	אַחַר	ADP	_	5 כֵ֗ן	case	after
5	כֵ֗ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	2 יָּ֨קָם	obl	thus
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֵּצֵא֙	cc	and
7	יֵּצֵא֙	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֨קָם	conj	he went out
8	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	10 מְּעָרָ֔ה	case	from
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מְּעָרָ֔ה	det	the
10	מְּעָרָ֔ה	מְעָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 יֵּצֵא֙	obl	cave
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יִּקְרָ֧א	cc	and
12	יִּקְרָ֧א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֨קָם	conj	he called out
13	אַֽחֲרֵי־	אַחַר	ADP	_	14 שָׁא֛וּל	case	after
14	שָׁא֛וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	12 יִּקְרָ֧א	obl	Saul
15	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	17 אֲדֹנ	mark	(cmp)
16	אמֹ֖ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	15 לֵ	fixed
17	אֲדֹנ	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יִּקְרָ֧א	ccomp	my lord
18	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	my
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	the
20	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 אֲדֹנ	appos	king
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יַּבֵּ֤ט	cc	and
22	יַּבֵּ֤ט	נָבַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֨קָם	conj	he looked
23	שָׁאוּל֙	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	22 יַּבֵּ֤ט	nsubj	Saul
24	אַֽחֲרָ֔י	אַחַר	ADP	_	25 ו	case	behind
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 יַּבֵּ֤ט	obl	him
26	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יִּקֹּ֨ד	cc	and
27	יִּקֹּ֨ד	קָדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֨קָם	conj	he bowed low
28	דָּוִ֥ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	27 יִּקֹּ֨ד	nsubj	David
29	אַפַּ֛יִם	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	27 יִּקֹּ֨ד	obj	face
30	אַ֖רְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 יִּקֹּ֨ד	obl	ground
31	ָה	ה	X	_	30 אַ֖רְצ	nmod	to [the]
32	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ	cc	and
33	יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ	חוה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֨קָם	conj	he bowed down
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ	punct
35	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	33 יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
יֵּצֵא he went out	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	דָּוִד David	אֲדֹנ my lord
יַּבֵּט he looked	wayyiqtol · hiphil	שָׁאוּל Saul
יִּקֹּד he bowed low	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David	אַפַּיִם face
יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ he bowed down	wayyiqtol · hithpael	דָּוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקָם דָוִד בָּתַר כֵּן וּנְפַק מִן מְעַרְתָּא וּקְרָא בָּתַר שָׁאוּל לְמֵימָר רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא וְאִסְתְּכֵי שָׁאוּל לַאֲחוֹרוֹהִי וּכְרַע דָוִד עַל אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא וּסְגִיד:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:635.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.9/