1 Samuel 26:15 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, thou, valiant man, one · What happens: say, not be, be, not keep, come, destroy · To what, where: Abner, valiant man, Israel, watch, king · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 26:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, thou, valiant man, one — and what happens in the verse to Abner, valiant man, Israel, watch, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־אַבְנֵ֜ר הֲלוֹא־אִ֣ישׁ אַתָּ֗ה וּמִ֤י כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלָ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֶל־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי־בָא֙ אַחַ֣ד הָעָ֔ם לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃

And David said to Abner: 'Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept watch over thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּאמֶר֩	cc	and
2	יֹּאמֶר֩	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	דָּוִ֨ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּאמֶר֩	nsubj	David
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 אַבְנֵ֜ר	case	to
5	אַבְנֵ֜ר	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	2 יֹּאמֶר֩	obl	Abner
6	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	8 אִ֣ישׁ	advmod	?
7	לוֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	8 אִ֣ישׁ	advmod	not
8	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּאמֶר֩	ccomp	a man
9	אַתָּ֗ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 אִ֣ישׁ	nsubj	[are] you
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 ךָ֙	cc	and
11	מִ֤י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	13 ךָ֙	nsubj	who?
12	כָמ֙וֹ	כְּמוֹ	ADP	_	13 ךָ֙	case	[is] like
13	ךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 אִ֣ישׁ	conj	you
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	case	in
15	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	13 ךָ֙	obl	Israel
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ	cc	and
17	לָ֙	לָמָה	ADP	_	18 מָּה֙	case
18	מָּה֙	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	20 שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ	obl	why?
19	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	20 שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ	advmod	not
20	שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ	שָׁמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	8 אִ֣ישׁ	conj	did you guard
21	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	22 אֲדֹנֶ֖י	case	(to)
22	אֲדֹנֶ֖י	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ	obl	master(s)
23	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	22 אֲדֹנֶ֖י	nmod:poss	your
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	the
25	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 אֲדֹנֶ֖י	appos	king
26	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	27 בָא֙	mark	(dm)
27	בָא֙	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 אִ֣ישׁ	advcl	he came
28	אַחַ֣ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 עָ֔ם	nummod	one
29	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	30 עָ֔ם	det	of
30	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 בָא֙	nsubj	the people
31	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	32 הַשְׁחִ֖ית	case	to
32	הַשְׁחִ֖ית	שָׁחַת	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	27 בָא֙	advcl	destroy
33	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	35 מֶּ֥לֶךְ	case	(et)
34	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	35 מֶּ֥לֶךְ	det	the
35	מֶּ֥לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 הַשְׁחִ֖ית	obj	king
36	אֲדֹנֶֽי	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	35 מֶּ֥לֶךְ	appos	master(s)
37	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	36 אֲדֹנֶֽי	nmod:poss	your
38	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	37 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
not שָׁמַרְתָּ did you guard	qatal · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
בָא he came	qatal · qal	עָם the people
הַשְׁחִית destroy	infinitive construct · hiphil	מֶּלֶךְ king	עָם the people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְאַבְנֵר הֲלָא גְבַר גִבַּר אַתְּ וּמַן כְּוָתָךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְמָא לָא נְטַרְתָּא עַל רִבּוֹנָךְ מַלְכָּא אֲרֵי אֲתָא חַד מִן עַמָא לְחַבָּלָא יַת מַלְכָּא רִבּוֹנָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David said to Abner: 'Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept watch over thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:708.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.15/