1 Samuel 28:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Samuel, Israel, Saul · What happens: be, lament, bury, put away, divine · To what, where: Samuel, Ramah, those

This is 1 Samuel 28:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, Israel, Saul — and what happens in the verse to Samuel, Ramah, those, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־לוֹ֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בָרָמָ֖ה וּבְעִיר֑וֹ וְשָׁא֗וּל הֵסִ֛יר הָאֹב֥וֹת וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃

Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit out of the land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 מֵ֔ת	cc	and
2	שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל	שְׁמוּאֵל	PROPN	_	3 מֵ֔ת	nsubj	Samuel
3	מֵ֔ת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he had died
4	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 יִּסְפְּדוּ־	cc	and
5	יִּסְפְּדוּ־	סָפַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 מֵ֔ת	conj	they had mourned
6	ל	לְ	ADP	_	7 וֹ֙	case	for
7	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 יִּסְפְּדוּ־	obl	him
8	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יִּסְפְּדוּ־	nsubj	all
9	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	8 כָּל־	compound:smixut	Israel
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּקְבְּרֻ֥	cc	and
11	יִּקְבְּרֻ֥	קָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 מֵ֔ת	conj	they
12	הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 יִּקְבְּרֻ֥	obj	had buried him
13	בָ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 רָמָ֖ה	case	in
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 רָמָ֖ה	det	(the)
15	רָמָ֖ה	רָמָה	PROPN	_	11 יִּקְבְּרֻ֥	obl	Ramah
16	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 עִיר	cc	(and) in
17	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 עִיר	case	his
18	עִיר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 רָמָ֖ה	conj	own
19	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 עִיר	nmod:poss	city
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 הֵסִ֛יר	cc	and
21	שָׁא֗וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	22 הֵסִ֛יר	nsubj	Saul
22	הֵסִ֛יר	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 מֵ֔ת	conj	he had removed
23	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 אֹב֥וֹת	det	the
24	אֹב֥וֹת	אוֹב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 הֵסִ֛יר	obj	necromancers
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 יִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים	cc	and
26	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	28 יִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים	case	(et)
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 יִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים	det	the
28	יִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים	יִדְּעֹנִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 אֹב֥וֹת	conj	soothsayers
29	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	31 אָֽרֶץ	case	from
30	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 אָֽרֶץ	det	the
31	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 הֵסִ֛יר	obl	land
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
מֵת he had died	qatal · qal	שְׁמוּאֵל Samuel
יִּסְפְּדוּ־ they had mourned	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
יִּקְבְּרֻ they	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	הוּ had buried him
הֵסִיר he had removed	qatal · hiphil	אֹבוֹת necromancers + יִּדְּעֹנִים soothsayers		שָׁאוּל Saul

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁמוּאֵל מִית וּסְפָדוּ עֲלוֹהִי כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וּקְבָרוֹהִי בְרָמָתָא וּסְפָדוּ עֲלוֹהִי אֱנָשׁ בְּקַרְתֵּיהּ וְשָׁאוּל פַּלִי יַת בִּידִין וּזְכוּרוּ מִן אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:733.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.3/