2 Kings 20:11 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: Isaiah, shadow · What happens: cry, bring, go down · To what, where: shadow, dial

This is 2 Kings 20:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Isaiah, shadow — and what happens in the verse to shadow, dial, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרָ֛א יְשַׁעְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּ֣שֶׁב אֶת־הַצֵּ֗ל בַּֽ֠מַּעֲלוֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרְדָ֜ה בְּמַעֲל֥וֹת אָחָ֛ז אֲחֹֽרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֥שֶׂר מַעֲלֽוֹת׃פ

And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the LORD; and he brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down on the dial of Ahaz.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרָ֛א	cc	and
2	יִּקְרָ֛א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he called out
3	יְשַׁעְיָ֥הוּ	יְשַׁעְיָהוּ	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֛א	nsubj	Isaiah
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 נָּבִ֖יא	det	the
5	נָּבִ֖יא	נָבִיא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 יְשַׁעְיָ֥הוּ	appos	prophet
6	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	7 יְהוָ֑ה	case	to
7	יְהוָ֑ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֛א	obl	Yahweh
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יָּ֣שֶׁב	cc	and
9	יָּ֣שֶׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֛א	conj	he turned back
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	12 צֵּ֗ל	case	(et)
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 צֵּ֗ל	det	the
12	צֵּ֗ל	צֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יָּ֣שֶׁב	obj	shadow
13	בַּֽ֠	בְּ	ADP	_	15 מַּעֲלוֹת	case	on
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 מַּעֲלוֹת	det	the
15	מַּעֲלוֹת	מַעֲלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	9 יָּ֣שֶׁב	obl	steps
16	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	17 יָרְדָ֜ה	mark	which
17	יָרְדָ֜ה	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 מַּעֲלוֹת	acl:relcl	it had gone down
18	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 מַעֲל֥וֹת	case	on
19	מַעֲל֥וֹת	מַעֲלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	17 יָרְדָ֜ה	obl	the steps
20	אָחָ֛ז	אָחָז	PROPN	_	19 מַעֲל֥וֹת	compound:smixut	of Ahaz
21	אֲחֹֽרַנִּ֖ית	אֲחֹרַנִּית	ADV	_	9 יָּ֣שֶׁב	advmod	backwards
22	עֶ֥שֶׂר	עֶשֶׂר	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 מַעֲלֽוֹת	nummod	ten
23	מַעֲלֽוֹת	מַעֲלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	9 יָּ֣שֶׁב	obl	steps
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 מַעֲלֽוֹת	punct
25	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	23 מַעֲלֽוֹת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	יְשַׁעְיָהוּ Isaiah
יָּשֶׁב he turned back	wayyiqtol · hiphil	צֵּל shadow	יְהוָה Yahweh
יָרְדָה it had gone down	qatal · qal	צֵּל shadow

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְצַלִי יְשַׁעְיָה נְבִיָא קֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲתֵיב יַת טוּלָא בְּצוּרַת אֶבֶן שָׁעַיָא דְנַחֲתַת בְּמַסְקָנָא דְאָחָז שִׂמְשָׁא לַאֲחוֹרוֹהִי עֲסַר שָׁעִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the LORD; and he brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down on the dial of Ahaz.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:575.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.20.11/