2 Kings 23:20 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: Josiah, high places · What happens: slay, be, burn, return · To what, where: priests, bones, Jerusalem

This is 2 Kings 23:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Josiah, high places — and what happens in the verse to priests, bones, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַ֠יִּזְבַּח אֶת־כָּל־כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַבָּמ֤וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ עַל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת וַיִּשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּ֖שָׁב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them; and he returned to Jerusalem.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּזְבַּח	cc	and
2	יִּזְבַּח	זָבַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he slaughtered
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 כָּל־	case	(et)
4	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּזְבַּח	obj	all
5	כֹּהֲנֵ֨י	כֹּהֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the priests
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 בָּמ֤וֹת	det	of
7	בָּמ֤וֹת	בָּמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	5 כֹּהֲנֵ֨י	compound:smixut	the high places
8	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	12 מִּזְבְּח֔וֹת	mark	who
9	שָׁם֙	שָׁם	ADV	_	12 מִּזְבְּח֔וֹת	advmod	[were] there
10	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 מִּזְבְּח֔וֹת	case	on
11	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 מִּזְבְּח֔וֹת	det	the
12	מִּזְבְּח֔וֹת	מִזְבֵּחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 כָּל־	acl:relcl	altars
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּשְׂרֹ֛ף	cc	and
14	יִּשְׂרֹ֛ף	שָׂרַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּזְבַּח	conj	he burned
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 עַצְמ֥וֹת	case	(et)
16	עַצְמ֥וֹת	עֶצֶם	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 יִּשְׂרֹ֛ף	obj	bones
17	אָדָ֖ם	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 עַצְמ֥וֹת	compound:smixut	of humankind
18	עֲלֵי	עַל	ADP	_	19 הֶ֑ם	case	on
19	הֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 יִּשְׂרֹ֛ף	obl	them
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יָּ֖שָׁב	cc	and
21	יָּ֖שָׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּזְבַּח	conj	he returned
22	יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	21 יָּ֖שָׁב	obl	Jerusalem
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
יִּזְבַּח he slaughtered	wayyiqtol · qal	כֹּהֲנֵי the priests
יִּשְׂרֹף he burned	wayyiqtol · qal	עַצְמוֹת bones
יָּשָׁב he returned	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּנְכִיס יַת כָּל כּוּמְרֵי בָמָתָא דִי תַמָן עַל אֱגוֹרַיָא וְאוֹקִיד יַת גַרְמֵי אֱנָשָׁא עֲלֵיהוֹן וְתַב לִירוּשְׁלֵם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them; and he returned to Jerusalem.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:651.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.20/