2 Kings 9:20 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: watchman, driving · What happens: tell, say, come, not come back, be, drive · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Kings 9:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, driving — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֥א עַד־אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָׁ֑ב וְהַמִּנְהָ֗ג כְּמִנְהַג֙ יֵה֣וּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁ֔י כִּ֥י בְשִׁגָּע֖וֹן יִנְהָֽג׃

And the watchman told, saying: 'He came even unto them, and cometh not back; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּגֵּ֤ד	cc	and
2	יַּגֵּ֤ד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he reported
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 צֹּפֶה֙	det	the
4	צֹּפֶה֙	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יַּגֵּ֤ד	nsubj	watchman
5	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	7 בָּ֥א	mark	(cmp)
6	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	5 לֵ	fixed
7	בָּ֥א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּגֵּ֤ד	advcl	he came
8	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	10 הֶ֖ם	case	to
9	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	10 הֶ֖ם	case	to
10	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 בָּ֥א	obl	them
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 שָׁ֑ב	cc	and
12	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	13 שָׁ֑ב	advmod	not
13	שָׁ֑ב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּגֵּ֤ד	conj	he has turned back
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 מִנְהַג֙	cc	and
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 מִּנְהָ֗ג	det	the
16	מִּנְהָ֗ג	מִנְהָג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 מִנְהַג֙	nsubj	driving
17	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	18 מִנְהַג֙	case	[is] like
18	מִנְהַג֙	מִנְהָג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּגֵּ֤ד	conj	the driving
19	יֵה֣וּא	יֵהוּא	PROPN	_	18 מִנְהַג֙	compound:smixut	of Jehu
20	בֶן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יֵה֣וּא	appos	the son
21	נִמְשִׁ֔י	נִמְשִׁי	PROPN	_	20 בֶן־	compound:smixut	of Nimshi
22	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	25 יִנְהָֽג	mark	(dm)
23	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 שִׁגָּע֖וֹן	case	with
24	שִׁגָּע֖וֹן	שִׁגָּעוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 יִנְהָֽג	obl	madness
25	יִנְהָֽג	נָהַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּגֵּ֤ד	advcl	he drives
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 יִנְהָֽג	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יַּגֵּד he reported	wayyiqtol · hiphil	צֹּפֶה watchman
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
בָּא he came	qatal · qal
not שָׁב he has turned back	qatal · qal
יִנְהָֽג he drives	yiqtol · qal	יֵהוּא of Jehu

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְחַוִי סַכְוָאָה לְמֵימַר אֲתָא עַד לְוַתְהוֹן וְלָא תָב וְדַבָּרָא כְּדַבָּרָא דְיֵהוּא בַר נַמְשִׁי אֲרֵי בְנִיחַ מְדַבָּר:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the watchman told, saying: 'He came even unto them, and cometh not back; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:242.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.20/