2 Samuel 10:2 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, I, father, servants · What happens: say, show, send, comfort, come · To what, where: kindness, Hanun, land · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 10:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I, father, servants — and what happens in the verse to kindness, Hanun, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃

And David said: 'I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father showed kindness unto me.' So David sent by the hand of his servants to comfort him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	דָּוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	David
4	אֶעֱשֶׂה־	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	I will do
5	חֶ֣סֶד	חֶסֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אֶעֱשֶׂה־	obj	covenant loyalty
6	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	5 חֶ֣סֶד	punct
7	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	8 חָנ֣וּן	case	with
8	חָנ֣וּן	חָנוּן	PROPN	_	4 אֶעֱשֶׂה־	obl	Hanun
9	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 חָנ֣וּן	appos	the son
10	נָחָ֗שׁ	נָחָשׁ	PROPN	_	9 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Nahash
11	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 אֶעֱשֶׂה־	obl	just
12	אֲשֶׁר֩	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	13 עָשָׂ֨ה	mark	as
13	עָשָׂ֨ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 כַּ	acl:relcl	he did
14	אָבִ֤י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 עָשָׂ֨ה	nsubj	father
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 אָבִ֤י	nmod:poss	his
16	עִמָּד	עִמָּד	NOUN	_	13 עָשָׂ֨ה	obl	with
17	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 עִמָּד	nmod:poss	me
18	חֶ֔סֶד	חֶסֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 עָשָׂ֨ה	obj	covenant loyalty
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	cc	and
20	יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	conj	he sent
21	דָּוִ֧ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	20 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	nsubj	David
22	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	23 נַחֲמ	case	to
23	נַחֲמ	נָחַם	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	20 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	advcl	comfort
24	֛וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 נַחֲמ	obj	him
25	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	26 יַד־	case	by
26	יַד־	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 נַחֲמ	obl	the hand
27	עֲבָדָ֖י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 יַד־	compound:smixut	his servants
28	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 עֲבָדָ֖י	nmod:poss	his
29	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	30 אָבִ֑י	case	concerning
30	אָבִ֑י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 נַחֲמ	obl	father
31	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 אָבִ֑י	nmod:poss	his
32	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	cc	and
33	יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	conj	they came
34	עַבְדֵ֣י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	33 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	nsubj	the servants
35	דָוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	34 עַבְדֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of David
36	אֶ֖רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	obl	the land
37	בְּנֵ֥י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	36 אֶ֖רֶץ	compound:smixut	of the people
38	עַמּֽוֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	37 בְּנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Ammon
39	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	38 עַמּֽוֹן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
אֶעֱשֶׂה־ I will do	yiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David	חֶסֶד covenant loyalty
עָשָׂה he did	qatal · qal	אָבִי father	חֶסֶד covenant loyalty
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
נַחֲמ comfort	infinitive construct · piel	דָּוִד David	וֹ him
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal	עַבְדֵי the servants

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר דָוִד אַעְבֵיד טֵיבוּ עִם חָנוּן בַּר נָחָשׁ כְּמָא דַעֲבֵד אֲבוּהִי עִמִי טִיבוּ וּשְׁלַח דָוִד לְנַחֲמוּתֵיהּ בִּידָא דְעַבְדוֹהִי לְוַת אֲבוּהִי וַאֲתוֹ עַבְדֵי דָוִד לְאַרְעָא בְּנֵי עַמוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:219.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.2/