2 Samuel 11:15 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, ye · What happens: write, say, set, retire, smite, die · To what, where: letter, Uriah, forefront, David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 11:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, ye — and what happens in the verse to letter, Uriah, forefront, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסֵּ֖פֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הָב֣וּ אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה אֶל־מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וְשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם מֵאַחֲרָ֖יו וְנִכָּ֥ה וָמֵֽת׃ס

And he wrote in the letter, saying: 'Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּכְתֹּ֥ב	cc	and
2	יִּכְתֹּ֥ב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he wrote
3	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 סֵּ֖פֶר	case	in
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 סֵּ֖פֶר	det	the
5	סֵּ֖פֶר	סֵפֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּכְתֹּ֥ב	obl	letter
6	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	8 הָב֣וּ	mark	(cmp)
7	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 לֵ	fixed
8	הָב֣וּ	יָהַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יִּכְתֹּ֥ב	advcl	set
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	10 אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה	case	(et)
10	אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה	אוּרִיָּה	PROPN	_	8 הָב֣וּ	obj	Uriah
11	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	13 פְּנֵ֤י	case	to
12	מוּל֙	מוּל	ADP	_	13 פְּנֵ֤י	case	the front
13	פְּנֵ֤י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 הָב֣וּ	obl	of the face
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 מִּלְחָמָה֙	det	of
15	מִּלְחָמָה֙	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 פְּנֵ֤י	compound:smixut	the battle
16	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 חֲזָקָ֔ה	det	(the)
17	חֲזָקָ֔ה	חָזָק	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 מִּלְחָמָה֙	amod	severe
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם	cc	and
19	שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	8 הָב֣וּ	conj	you will turn back
20	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	22 ו	case	from
21	אַחֲרָ֖י	אַחַר	ADP	_	22 ו	case	after
22	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם	obl	him
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 נִכָּ֥ה	cc	and
24	נִכָּ֥ה	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 הָב֣וּ	conj	he will be struck
25	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 מֵֽת	cc	and
26	מֵֽת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 הָב֣וּ	conj	he will die
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 מֵֽת	punct
28	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	26 מֵֽת	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּכְתֹּב he wrote	wayyiqtol · qal
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
הָבוּ set	imperative · qal		אֽוּרִיָּה Uriah
שַׁבְתֶּם you will turn back	weqatal · qal
נִכָּה he will be struck	weqatal · niphal		אֽוּרִיָּה Uriah
מֵֽת he will die	weqatal · qal	אֽוּרִיָּה Uriah

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּכְתַב בְּאִגַרְתָּא לְמֵימָר הָבוּ יַת אוּרִיָה לָקֳבֵיל אַפֵּי קְרָבָא תַּקִיפָא וּתְתוּבוּן מִבַּתְרוֹהִי וְיִתְמְחֵי וִימוּת:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he wrote in the letter, saying: 'Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:251.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.15/