2 Samuel 12:19 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, servants, child, children · What happens: see, whisper, perceive, be, say · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 12:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, servants, child, children — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֣רְא דָּוִ֗ד כִּ֤י עֲבָדָיו֙ מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים וַיָּ֥בֶן דָּוִ֖ד כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֧ד אֶל־עֲבָדָ֛יו הֲמֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ מֵֽת׃

But when David saw that his servants whispered together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants: 'Is the child dead?' And they said: 'He is dead.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	cc	and
2	יַּ֣רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he saw
3	דָּוִ֗ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	nsubj	David
4	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	7 מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים	mark	(dm) that
5	עֲבָדָי	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים	nsubj	servants
6	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 עֲבָדָי	nmod:poss	his
7	מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים	לָחַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur	2 יַּ֣רְא	ccomp	[were] whispering to one another
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יָּ֥בֶן	cc	and
9	יָּ֥בֶן	בִּין	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he understood
10	דָּוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	9 יָּ֥בֶן	nsubj	David
11	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	12 מֵ֣ת	mark	(dm) that
12	מֵ֣ת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	9 יָּ֥בֶן	ccomp	he had died
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 יָּ֑לֶד	det	the
14	יָּ֑לֶד	יֶלֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 מֵ֣ת	nsubj	child
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
16	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he said
17	דָּוִ֧ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	16 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	David
18	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	19 עֲבָדָ֛י	case	to
19	עֲבָדָ֛י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	servants
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 עֲבָדָ֛י	nmod:poss	his
21	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	22 מֵ֥ת	advmod	has
22	מֵ֥ת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	he died?
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 יֶּ֖לֶד	det	the
24	יֶּ֖לֶד	יֶלֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 מֵ֥ת	nsubj	child
25	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יֹּ֥אמְרוּ	cc	and
26	יֹּ֥אמְרוּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	they said
27	מֵֽת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	26 יֹּ֥אמְרוּ	ccomp	he has died
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 מֵֽת	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David	מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁים [were] whispering to one another
מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁים [were] whispering to one another	participle active · hithpael	עֲבָדָי servants
יָּבֶן he understood	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David	מֵת he had died
מֵת he had died	qatal · qal	יָּלֶד child
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
מֵת he died?	qatal · qal	יֶּלֶד child
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	עֲבָדָי servants
מֵֽת he has died	qatal · qal	יֶּלֶד child

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזָא דָוִד אֲרֵי עַבְדוֹהִי מְלַחֲשִׁין וּסְבַר דָוִד אֲרֵי מִית רַבְיָא וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְעַבְדוֹהִי הֲמִית רַבְיָא וַאֲמַרוּ מִית:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But when David saw that his servants whispered together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants: 'Is the child dead?' And they said: 'He is dead.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:282.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.19/