2 Samuel 18:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: forest, sword · What happens: spread, devour · To what, where: battle, face, more people

This is 2 Samuel 18:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — forest, sword — and what happens in the verse to battle, face, more people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֧ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה נָפֹ֖צֶתעַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֶּ֤רֶב הַיַּ֙עַר֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל בָּעָ֔ם מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָכְלָ֛ה הַחֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃

For the battle was there spread over the face of all the country; and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 נָפֹ֖צֶת	cc	and
2	תְּהִי־	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 נָפֹ֖צֶת	cop	it was
3	שָׁ֧ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	6 נָפֹ֖צֶת	advmod	there
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מִּלְחָמָ֛ה	det	the
5	מִּלְחָמָ֛ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 נָפֹ֖צֶת	nsubj	battle
6	נָפֹ֖צֶת	פּוּץ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	root	root	scattered
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 פְּנֵ֣י	case	over
8	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 נָפֹ֖צֶת	obl	the surface
9	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of all
10	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 אָ֑רֶץ	det	the
11	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 כָל־	compound:smixut	land
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יֶּ֤רֶב	cc	and
13	יֶּ֤רֶב	רָבָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	6 נָפֹ֖צֶת	conj	it increased
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 יַּ֙עַר֙	det	the
15	יַּ֙עַר֙	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יֶּ֤רֶב	nsubj	forest
16	לֶ	לְ	ADP	_	17 אֱכֹ֣ל	case	to
17	אֱכֹ֣ל	אָכַל	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	13 יֶּ֤רֶב	advcl	consume
18	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 עָ֔ם	case	among
19	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עָ֔ם	det	the
20	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 אֱכֹ֣ל	obl	people
21	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	13 יֶּ֤רֶב	obl	more
22	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	23 אָכְלָ֛ה	mark	than [those] whom
23	אָכְלָ֛ה	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	21 מֵ	acl:relcl	it consumed
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 חֶ֖רֶב	det	the
25	חֶ֖רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 אָכְלָ֛ה	nsubj	sword
26	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 יּ֥וֹם	case	on
27	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 יּ֥וֹם	det	the
28	יּ֥וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יֶּ֤רֶב	obl	day
29	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	30 הֽוּא	det	(the)
30	הֽוּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 יּ֥וֹם	det	that
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 הֽוּא	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תְּהִי־ it was	wayyiqtol · qal	מִּלְחָמָה battle
נָפֹצֶת scattered	participle passive · niphal		מִּלְחָמָה battle
יֶּרֶב it increased	wayyiqtol · hiphil	יַּעַר forest
אֱכֹל consume	infinitive construct · qal	יַּעַר forest
אָכְלָה it consumed	qatal · qal	חֶרֶב sword

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲווֹ תַמָן עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא מִתְבַּדְרִין עַל אַפֵי כָל אַרְעָא וְאַסְגִיאַת חַיַת חוּרְשָׁא לְקַטָלָא בְעַמָא מִדְקָטִילַת חַרְבָּא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For the battle was there spread over the face of all the country; and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:463.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.8/