2 Samuel 19:4 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: people · What happens: get, be, steal away, flee · To what, where: them, city, battle

This is 2 Samuel 19:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to them, city, battle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב הָעָ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לָב֣וֹא הָעִ֑יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב הָעָם֙ הַנִּכְלָמִ֔ים בְּנוּסָ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃

And the people got them by stealth that day into the city, as people that are ashamed steal away when they flee in battle.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב	cc	and
2	יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב	גָּנַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it acted stealthily
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עָ֛ם	det	the
4	עָ֛ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב	nsubj	people
5	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 יּ֥וֹם	case	on
6	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 יּ֥וֹם	det	the
7	יּ֥וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב	obl	day
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 ה֖וּא	det	(the)
9	ה֖וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 יּ֥וֹם	det	that
10	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	11 ב֣וֹא	case	to
11	ב֣וֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב	advcl	enter
12	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עִ֑יר	det	the
13	עִ֑יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 ב֣וֹא	obl	city
14	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	2 יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב	obl	just
15	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	16 יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב	mark	as
16	יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב	גָּנַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	14 כַּ	acl:relcl	it acts stealthily
17	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 עָם֙	det	(the)
18	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב	nsubj	people
19	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	20 נִּכְלָמִ֔ים	mark	[who
20	נִּכְלָמִ֔ים	כָּלַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	18 עָם֙	acl:relcl	are] ashamed
21	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 נוּס	case	when
22	נוּס	נוּס	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	16 יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב	advcl	flee
23	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 נוּס	nsubj	they
24	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	26 מִּלְחָמָֽה	case	in
25	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 מִּלְחָמָֽה	det	(the)
26	מִּלְחָמָֽה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 נוּס	obl	battle
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 מִּלְחָמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּתְגַּנֵּב it acted stealthily	wayyiqtol · hithpael	עָם people
בוֹא enter	infinitive construct · qal	עָם people
יִתְגַּנֵּב it acts stealthily	yiqtol · hithpael	עָם people
נִּכְלָמִים are] ashamed	participle passive · niphal	עָם people
נוּס flee	infinitive construct · qal	ָם they

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמִתְגַנְבִין עַמָא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא לְמֵיעַל לְקַרְתָּא כְּמָא דְמִתְגַנְבִין עַמָא דְמִתְכַּלְמִין בְּמִפַּכְהוֹן בִּקְרָבָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the people got them by stealth that day into the city, as people that are ashamed steal away when they flee in battle.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:491.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.4/