2 Samuel 22:43 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: I · What happens: beat, stamp, tread down · To what, where: enemies

This is 2 Samuel 22:43 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to enemies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט־חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃

Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֶשְׁחָק	cc	and
2	אֶשְׁחָק	שָׁחַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I
3	ֵ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 אֶשְׁחָק	obj	beat them fine
4	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	5 עֲפַר־	case	like [the]
5	עֲפַר־	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 אֶשְׁחָק	obl	dust
6	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 עֲפַר־	compound:smixut	of [the] earth
7	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	8 טִיט־	case	like [the]
8	טִיט־	טִיט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 אֲדִקּ	obl	mud
9	חוּצ֥וֹת	חוּץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 טִיט־	compound:smixut	of [the] streets
10	אֲדִקּ	דָּקַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 אֶשְׁחָק	parataxis	I
11	ֵ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 אֲדִקּ	obj	pulverized them
12	אֶרְקָע	רָקַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 אֶשְׁחָק	parataxis	I
13	ֵֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 אֶרְקָע	obj	beat them out
14	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	13 ֵֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֶשְׁחָק I	yiqtol · qal		ֵם beat them fine
אֲדִקּ I	yiqtol · hiphil	ֵם pulverized them
אֶרְקָע I	yiqtol · qal		ֵֽם beat them out

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְדוֹשַׁשְׁתִּינוּן כְּעַפְרָא דְאַרְעָא כְּסִין שׁוֹקִין בְּעַטֵית בְּהוֹן רְפַסְתִּינוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:622.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.22.43/