2 Samuel 3:24 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab, thou, Abner, it · What happens: come, say, do, be, send away · To what, where: Abner · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 3:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, thou, Abner, it — and what happens in the verse to Abner, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּבֹ֤א יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָה הִנֵּה־בָ֤א אַבְנֵר֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ לָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה שִׁלַּחְתּ֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָלֽוֹךְ׃

Then Joab came to the king, and said: 'What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	cc	and
2	יָּבֹ֤א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he went
3	יוֹאָב֙	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	nsubj	Joab
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	case	to
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
6	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּבֹ֤א	obl	king
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֹּ֖אמֶר	cc	and
8	יֹּ֖אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he said
9	מֶ֣ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	10 עָשִׂ֑יתָה	obj	what?
10	עָשִׂ֑יתָה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	8 יֹּ֖אמֶר	ccomp	have you done
11	הִנֵּה־	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	10 עָשִׂ֑יתָה	parataxis	here!
12	בָ֤א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 עָשִׂ֑יתָה	parataxis	he came
13	אַבְנֵר֙	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	12 בָ֤א	nsubj	Abner
14	אֵלֶ֔י	אֶל	ADP	_	15 ךָ	case	to
15	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 בָ֤א	obl	you
16	לָ	לָמָה	ADP	_	17 מָּה־	case
17	מָּה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	10 עָשִׂ֑יתָה	parataxis	why?
18	זֶּ֥ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	17 מָּה־	nsubj	this
19	שִׁלַּחְתּ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	18 זֶּ֥ה	acl	did
20	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 שִׁלַּחְתּ	obj	you send him away
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	cc	and
22	יֵּ֥לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	19 שִׁלַּחְתּ	conj	he has gone
23	הָלֽוֹךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	22 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	obl:npmod	completely (go)
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 הָלֽוֹךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּבֹא he went	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
עָשִׂיתָה have you done	qatal · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king	מֶה what?
בָא he came	qatal · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
שִׁלַּחְתּ did	qatal · piel	מֶּלֶךְ king	וֹ you send him away
יֵּלֶךְ he has gone	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתָא יוֹאָב לְוַת מַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר מָה עֲבַדְתָּא הָא אָתָא אַבְנֵר לְוָתָךְ לְמָא דְנַן שְׁלַחְתֵּיהּ וַאֲזַל מֵיזַל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then Joab came to the king, and said: 'What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:82.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.24/