Amos 6:12 עָמוֹס

Who acts: horses, one, ye · What happens: run, plow, turn · To what, where: rocks, justice, gall

This is Amos 6:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — horses, one, ye — and what happens in the verse to rocks, justice, gall, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הַיְרֻצ֤וּן בַּסֶּ֙לַע֙ סוּסִ֔ים אִֽם־יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ בַּבְּקָרִ֑ים כִּֽי־הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם לְרֹאשׁ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּפְרִ֥י צְדָקָ֖ה לְלַעֲנָֽה׃

Do horses run upon the rocks? Doth one plow there with oxen? that ye have turned justice into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into wormwood;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הַ	הַ	PART	_	2 יְרֻצ֤וּ	advmod	do
2	יְרֻצ֤וּ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they
3	ן	נ	X	_	2 יְרֻצ֤וּ	nmod	run?
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 סֶּ֙לַע֙	case	on
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 סֶּ֙לַע֙	det	the
6	סֶּ֙לַע֙	סֶלַע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְרֻצ֤וּ	obl	crag[s]
7	סוּסִ֔ים	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יְרֻצ֤וּ	nsubj	horses
8	אִֽם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	9 יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ	mark	or?
9	יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ	חָרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְרֻצ֤וּ	parataxis	does anyone plow
10	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 בְּקָרִ֑ים	case	with
11	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 בְּקָרִ֑ים	det	(the)
12	בְּקָרִ֑ים	בָּקָר	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ	obl	oxen
13	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם	mark	(dm)
14	הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם	הָפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יְרֻצ֤וּ	advcl	you have turned
15	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	16 רֹאשׁ֙	case	into
16	רֹאשׁ֙	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם	obl	poison
17	מִשְׁפָּ֔ט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם	obj	justice
18	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 פְרִ֥י	cc	and [the]
19	פְרִ֥י	פְּרִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם	conj	fruit
20	צְדָקָ֖ה	צְדָקָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 פְרִ֥י	compound:smixut	of righteousness
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	22 לַעֲנָֽה	case	into
22	לַעֲנָֽה	לַעֲנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 פְרִ֥י	obl	wormwood
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 לַעֲנָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְרֻצוּ they	yiqtol · qal	סוּסִים horses
יַחֲרוֹשׁ does anyone plow	yiqtol · qal
הֲפַכְתֶּם you have turned	qatal · qal		מִשְׁפָּט justice

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הֲיִרְהֲטוּן בְּכֵיפָא סוּסְוָן אִם יִתְרְדֵי בְתוֹרַיָא אֲרֵי הֲפַכְתּוּן לְרֵישׁ חִוְיָן בִּישִׁין דִינָא וּפְרִי זְכוּתָא לְגִידִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:AMO:97.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.6.12/