Isaiah 37:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: thou · What happens: taunt, blaspheme, exalt, lift up · To what, where: voice, eyes

This is Isaiah 37:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou — and what happens in the verse to voice, eyes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֶת־מִ֤י חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙ וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֖י הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה קּ֑וֹל וַתִּשָּׂ֥א מָר֛וֹם עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Whom hast thou taunted and blasphemed? And against whom hast thou exalted thy voice? Yea, thou hast lifted up thine eyes on high, even against the Holy One of Israel!

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	2 מִ֤י	case	(et)
2	מִ֤י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	3 חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙	obj	whom?
3	חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙	חָרַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	have you taunted
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 גִדַּ֔פְתָּ	cc	and
5	גִדַּ֔פְתָּ	גָּדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	3 חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙	conj	have you blasphemed?
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה	cc	and
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 מִ֖י	case	on
8	מִ֖י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	9 הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה	obl	whom?
9	הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה	רוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	3 חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙	conj	have you raised
10	קּ֑וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה	obj	a voice
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 תִּשָּׂ֥א	cc	and
12	תִּשָּׂ֥א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	9 הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה	conj	have you lifted up?
13	מָר֛וֹם	מָרוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 תִּשָּׂ֥א	obl	height
14	עֵינֶ֖י	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	12 תִּשָּׂ֥א	obj	eyes
15	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 עֵינֶ֖י	nmod:poss	your
16	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	17 קְד֥וֹשׁ	case	against
17	קְד֥וֹשׁ	קָדוֹשׁ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙	parataxis	the holy [one]
18	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	17 קְד֥וֹשׁ	compound:smixut	of Israel
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
חֵרַפְתָּ have you taunted	qatal · piel		מִי whom?
גִדַּפְתָּ have you blasphemed?	qatal · piel
הֲרִימוֹתָה have you raised	qatal · hiphil	קּוֹל a voice
תִּשָּׂא have you lifted up?	wayyiqtol · qal		עֵינֶי eyes

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

יַת מַן חַסַדְתָּא וְיַת מַן אִתְרָחַבְתָּא וְקָדָם מַן אֲרֵימָתָא קָלָא וּזְקֵפְתָּא לְרוּמָא עֵינָךְ וַאֲמַרְתָּא מִלִין דְלָא כַּשְׁרִין קֳדָם קַדִישָׁא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:720.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.23/