Isaiah 40:6 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: one, mouth, I, flesh, goodliness · What happens: say, proclaim, be · To what, where: grass · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Isaiah 40:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, mouth, I, flesh, goodliness — and what happens in the verse to grass, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

ק֚וֹל אֹמֵ֣ר קְרָ֔א וְאָמַ֖ר מָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א כָּל־הַבָּשָׂ֣ר חָצִ֔יר וְכָל־חַסְדּ֖וֹ כְּצִ֥יץ הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃

Hark! one saith: 'Proclaim!' And he saith: 'What shall I proclaim?' 'All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	ק֚וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 אֹמֵ֣ר	nsubj	a voice
2	אֹמֵ֣ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[is] saying
3	קְרָ֔א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 אֹמֵ֣ר	ccomp	proclaim
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 אָמַ֖ר	cc	and
5	אָמַ֖ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 קְרָ֔א	conj	he said
6	מָ֣ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	7 אֶקְרָ֑א	obj	what?
7	אֶקְרָ֑א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	5 אָמַ֖ר	ccomp	will I proclaim
8	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 חָצִ֔יר	nsubj	all
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 בָּשָׂ֣ר	det	(the)
10	בָּשָׂ֣ר	בָּשָׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 כָּל־	compound:smixut	flesh
11	חָצִ֔יר	חָצִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 אֶקְרָ֑א	ccomp	[is] grass
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 צִ֥יץ	cc	and
13	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 צִ֥יץ	nsubj	all
14	חַסְדּ	חֶסֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 כָל־	compound:smixut	loyalty
15	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 חַסְדּ	nmod:poss	its
16	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	17 צִ֥יץ	case	[is] like
17	צִ֥יץ	צִיץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 חָצִ֔יר	conj	the blossom
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 שָּׂדֶֽה	det	of
19	שָּׂדֶֽה	שָׂדֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 צִ֥יץ	compound:smixut	the field
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 שָּׂדֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֹמֵר [is] saying	participle active · qal	קוֹל a voice
קְרָא proclaim	imperative · qal
אָמַר he said	weqatal · qal
אֶקְרָא will I proclaim	yiqtol · qal		מָה what?

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

קַל דַאֲמַר אִתְנַבֵּי וּמְתֵיב וַאֲמַר מָה אִתְנַבֵּי כָּל רַשִׁיעַיָא כְּעִשְׂבָּא וְכָל תּוּקְפְהוֹן כְּמוֹצָא דְחַקְלָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hark! one saith: 'Proclaim!' And he saith: 'What shall I proclaim?' 'All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:771.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.6/