Isaiah 48:21 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: Chaldeans, LORD, waters · What happens: not thirst, lead, cause, flow out, cleave, gush out · To what, where: Chaldeans, deserts, waters, rock

This is Isaiah 48:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Chaldeans, LORD, waters — and what happens in the verse to Chaldeans, deserts, waters, rock, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְלֹ֣א צָמְא֗וּ בָּחֳרָבוֹת֙ הֽוֹלִיכָ֔ם מַ֥יִם מִצּ֖וּר הִזִּ֣יל לָ֑מוֹ וַיִּ֨בְקַע־צ֔וּר וַיָּזֻ֖בוּ מָֽיִם׃

And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 צָמְא֗וּ	cc	and
2	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	3 צָמְא֗וּ	advmod	not
3	צָמְא֗וּ	צָמֵא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they were thirsty
4	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 חֳרָבוֹת֙	case	in
5	חֳרָבוֹת֙	חׇרְבָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	6 הֽוֹלִיכ	obl	the waste places
6	הֽוֹלִיכ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 צָמְא֗וּ	parataxis	he
7	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 הֽוֹלִיכ	obj	led them
8	מַ֥יִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 הִזִּ֣יל	obj	water
9	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	10 צּ֖וּר	case	from
10	צּ֖וּר	צוּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 הִזִּ֣יל	obl	a rock
11	הִזִּ֣יל	נָזַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 צָמְא֗וּ	parataxis	he caused to flow
12	לָ֑	לְ	ADP	_	13 מוֹ	case	for
13	מוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 הִזִּ֣יל	obl	them
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יִּ֨בְקַע־	cc	and
15	יִּ֨בְקַע־	בָּקַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 צָמְא֗וּ	conj	he split open
16	צ֔וּר	צוּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יִּ֨בְקַע־	obj	a rock
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יָּזֻ֖בוּ	cc	and
18	יָּזֻ֖בוּ	זוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 צָמְא֗וּ	conj	they flowed out
19	מָֽיִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 יָּזֻ֖בוּ	nsubj	waters
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 מָֽיִם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not צָמְאוּ they were thirsty	qatal · qal
הֽוֹלִיכ he	qatal · hiphil	ָם led them
הִזִּיל he caused to flow	qatal · hiphil	מַיִם water
יִּבְקַע־ he split open	wayyiqtol · qal		צוּר a rock
יָּזֻבוּ they flowed out	wayyiqtol · qal	מָֽיִם waters

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְלָא אַצְחֵינוּן בְּחָרְבָתָא דַבְּרִינוּן מַיָא מִטוּנְרָא אַפִּיק לְהוֹ וּבְזַע טִינְרָא וּנְגוּדוּ מַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:980.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.21/