Judges 9:31 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: anger, Gaal, messengers · What happens: send, say, come, incite · To what, where: messengers, Tormah, Shechem, city · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Judges 9:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — anger, Gaal, messengers — and what happens in the verse to messengers, Tormah, Shechem, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בְּתָרְמָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּה֩ גַ֨עַל בֶּן־עֶ֤בֶד וְאֶחָיו֙ בָּאִ֣ים שְׁכֶ֔מָה וְהִנָּ֛ם צָרִ֥ים אֶת־הָעִ֖יר עָלֶֽיךָ׃

And he sent messengers unto Abimelech in Tormah, saying: 'Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren are come to Shechem; and, behold, they will incite the city against thee.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	מַלְאָכִ֛ים	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	obj	messengers
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ	case	to
5	אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ	אֲבִימֶלֶךְ	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	obl	Abimelech
6	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 תָרְמָ֣ה	case	in
7	תָרְמָ֣ה	תׇּרְמָה	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	obl	treachery
8	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	17 בָּאִ֣ים	mark	(cmp)
9	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	8 לֵ	fixed
10	הִנֵּה֩	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	17 בָּאִ֣ים	discourse	here!
11	גַ֨עַל	גַּעַל	PROPN	_	17 בָּאִ֣ים	nsubj	Gaal
12	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 גַ֨עַל	appos	the son
13	עֶ֤בֶד	עֶבֶד	PROPN	_	12 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Ebed
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אֶחָי	cc	and
15	אֶחָי	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 גַ֨עַל	conj	brothers
16	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 אֶחָי	nmod:poss	his
17	בָּאִ֣ים	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	advcl	[are] coming
18	שְׁכֶ֔מ	שְׁכֶם	PROPN	_	17 בָּאִ֣ים	obl	to
19	ָה	ה	X	_	18 שְׁכֶ֔מ	nmod	Shechem
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 צָרִ֥ים	cc	and
21	הִנּ	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	23 צָרִ֥ים	nsubj	here
22	ָ֛ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 הִנּ	nsubj	they
23	צָרִ֥ים	צוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח	conj	[are] shutting up
24	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	26 עִ֖יר	case	(et)
25	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 עִ֖יר	det	the
26	עִ֖יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 צָרִ֥ים	obj	city
27	עָלֶֽי	עַל	ADP	_	28 ךָ	case	on
28	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	23 צָרִ֥ים	obl	you
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal		מַלְאָכִים messengers
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
בָּאִים [are] coming	participle active · qal	גַעַל Gaal + אֶחָי brothers
צָרִים [are] shutting up	participle active · qal	ָם they	עִיר city

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלַח אִזְגַדִין לְוַת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בְּרָז לְמֵימָר הָא גַעַל בַּר עֶבֶד וַאֲחוֹהִי אָתָן לִשְׁכֶם וְהָא אִנוּן צָיְרִין יַת קַרְתָּא עֲלָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he sent messengers unto Abimelech in Tormah, saying: 'Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren are come to Shechem; and, behold, they will incite the city against thee.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:275.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.31/