Jeremiah 10:3 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: customs, vanity, one, hands · What happens: be, cut out, work · To what, where: vanity, tree, forest

This is Jeremiah 10:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — customs, vanity, one, hands — and what happens in the verse to vanity, tree, forest, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּֽי־חֻקּ֥וֹת הָֽעַמִּ֖ים הֶ֣בֶל ה֑וּא כִּֽי־עֵץ֙ מִיַּ֣עַר כְּרָת֔וֹ מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵ֥י־חָרָ֖שׁ בַּֽמַּעֲצָֽד׃

For the customs of the peoples are vanity; for it is but a tree which one cutteth out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman with the axe.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	5 הֶ֣בֶל	mark	(dm)
2	חֻקּ֥וֹת	חֻקָּה	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 הֶ֣בֶל	dislocated	the customs
3	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עַמִּ֖ים	det	of
4	עַמִּ֖ים	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 חֻקּ֥וֹת	compound:smixut	the peoples
5	הֶ֣בֶל	הֶבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	[is] futility
6	ה֑וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 הֶ֣בֶל	nsubj	it
7	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	8 עֵץ֙	mark	(dm)
8	עֵץ֙	עֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 הֶ֣בֶל	advcl	a tree
9	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	10 יַּ֣עַר	case	from
10	יַּ֣עַר	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כְּרָת	obl	a forest
11	כְּרָת	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 עֵץ֙	parataxis	someone
12	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 כְּרָת	obj	has cut it down
13	מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה	מַעֲשֶׂה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 עֵץ֙	parataxis	[the] work
14	יְדֵ֥י־	יָד	NOUN	Number=Dual	13 מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה	compound:smixut	of [the] hands
15	חָרָ֖שׁ	חָרָשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יְדֵ֥י־	compound:smixut	of a craftsman
16	בַּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 מַּעֲצָֽד	case	with
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 מַּעֲצָֽד	det	(the)
18	מַּעֲצָֽד	מַעֲצָד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה	obl	tool
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 מַּעֲצָֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
כְּרָת someone	qatal · qal		וֹ has cut it down

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי גְזֵירַת עַמְמַיָא לְמָא אִינוּן אֲרֵי אָעָא מֵחוּרְשָׁא קָיִץ לֵיהּ עוֹבַד יְדֵי נַגָר בַּחֲצִינָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For the customs of the peoples are vanity; for it is but a tree which one cutteth out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman with the axe.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:257.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.10.3/