Jeremiah 4:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, ye, watchers · What happens: make, mention, publish, come, give out · To what, where: nations, far country, voice

This is Jeremiah 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, ye, watchers — and what happens in the verse to nations, far country, voice, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ לַגּוֹיִ֗ם הִנֵּה֙ הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם נֹצְרִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ הַמֶּרְחָ֑ק וַֽיִּתְּנ֛וּ עַל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה קוֹלָֽם׃

'Make ye mention to the nations: Behold — publish concerning Jerusalem — watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ	זָכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	bring to remembrance
2	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	4 גּוֹיִ֗ם	case	to
3	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 גּוֹיִ֗ם	det	the
4	גּוֹיִ֗ם	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ	obl	nations
5	הִנֵּה֙	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	6 הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ	discourse	here!
6	הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	1 הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ	parataxis	proclaim
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם	case	to
8	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	6 הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ	obl	Jerusalem
9	נֹצְרִ֥ים	נָצַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	10 בָּאִ֖ים	nsubj	besiegers
10	בָּאִ֖ים	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	1 הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ	parataxis	[are] coming
11	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	12 אֶ֣רֶץ	case	from (the)
12	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 בָּאִ֖ים	obl	land
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 מֶּרְחָ֑ק	det	of (the)
14	מֶּרְחָ֑ק	מֶרְחָק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אֶ֣רֶץ	compound:smixut	distance
15	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יִּתְּנ֛וּ	cc	and
16	יִּתְּנ֛וּ	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ	conj	they have given forth
17	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	18 עָרֵ֥י	case	on
18	עָרֵ֥י	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 יִּתְּנ֛וּ	obl	the cities
19	יְהוּדָ֖ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	18 עָרֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Judah
20	קוֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יִּתְּנ֛וּ	obj	voice
21	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 קוֹל	nmod:poss	their
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הַזְכִּירוּ bring to remembrance	imperative · hiphil
הַשְׁמִיעוּ proclaim	imperative · hiphil
בָּאִים [are] coming	participle active · qal	נֹצְרִים besiegers
יִּתְּנוּ they have given forth	wayyiqtol · qal	נֹצְרִים besiegers	קוֹל voice

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אַדְכָּרוּ לְעַמְמַיָא הָא בַשְׂרוּ עַל יְרוּשְׁלֵם אֱמָרוּ מַשִׁרְיַת עַמְמִין חֲטוֹפִין כִּקְטוֹפִין אָתָן מֵאֲרַע רְחִיקָא וְיִשְׁרוֹן עַל קִרְוַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וִירִימוּן עֲלֵיהוֹן קָלְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

'Make ye mention to the nations: Behold — publish concerning Jerusalem — watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:96.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.16/