Jeremiah 4:20 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: Destruction · What happens: follow, spoil · To what, where: destruction, whole land, tents

This is Jeremiah 4:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Destruction — and what happens in the verse to destruction, whole land, tents, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

שֶׁ֤בֶר עַל־שֶׁ֙בֶר֙ נִקְרָ֔א כִּ֥י שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּתְאֹם֙ שֻׁדְּד֣וּ אֹהָלַ֔י רֶ֖גַע יְרִיעֹתָֽי׃

Destruction followeth upon destruction, for the whole land is spoiled; suddenly are my tents spoiled, my curtains in a moment.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	שֶׁ֤בֶר	שֶׁבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נִקְרָ֔א	nsubj	destruction
2	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	3 שֶׁ֙בֶר֙	case	to
3	שֶׁ֙בֶר֙	שֶׁבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נִקְרָ֔א	obl	destruction
4	נִקְרָ֔א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has been proclaimed
5	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה	mark	(dm)
6	שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה	שָׁדַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 נִקְרָ֔א	advcl	it has been devastated
7	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה	nsubj	all
8	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 אָ֑רֶץ	det	the
9	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 כָּל־	compound:smixut	land
10	פִּתְאֹם֙	פִּתְאֹם	ADV	_	11 שֻׁדְּד֣וּ	advmod	suddenly
11	שֻׁדְּד֣וּ	שָׁדַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נִקְרָ֔א	parataxis	they have been devastated
12	אֹהָל	אֹהֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 שֻׁדְּד֣וּ	nsubj	tents
13	ַ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 אֹהָל	nmod:poss	my
14	רֶ֖גַע	רֶגַע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 שֻׁדְּד֣וּ	parataxis	a moment
15	יְרִיעֹת	יְרִיעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 רֶ֖גַע	nsubj	curtains
16	ָֽי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 יְרִיעֹת	nmod:poss	my tent
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 ָֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
נִקְרָא it has been proclaimed	qatal · niphal	שֶׁבֶר destruction
שֻׁדְּדָה it has been devastated	qatal · pual	אָרֶץ land
שֻׁדְּדוּ they have been devastated	qatal · pual	אֹהָל tents

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

תְּבָרָא עַל תְּבָרָא יִתְעַרַע אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזַת כָּל אַרְעָא בִּתְכֵּיף חֲרוֹבַת אַרְעִי זְמַן חֲדָא כָּל קִרְוָי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Destruction followeth upon destruction, for the whole land is spoiled; suddenly are my tents spoiled, my curtains in a moment.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:100.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.20/