Joshua 3:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua, they, children · What happens: rise up, remove, come, lodge, pass over · To what, where: Shittim, Jordan

This is Joshua 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, they, children — and what happens in the verse to Shittim, Jordan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ בַּבֹּ֜קֶר וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֖וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּלִ֥נוּ שָׁ֖ם טֶ֥רֶם יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃

And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	cc	and
2	יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	שָׁכַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he rose early
3	יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	nsubj	Joshua
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 בֹּ֜קֶר	case	in
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 בֹּ֜קֶר	det	the
6	בֹּ֜קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	obl	morning
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִּסְע֣וּ	cc	and
8	יִּסְע֣וּ	נָסַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	conj	they set out
9	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	11 שִּׁטִּ֗ים	case	from
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 שִּׁטִּ֗ים	det	(the)
11	שִּׁטִּ֗ים	שִׁטִּים	PROPN	_	8 יִּסְע֣וּ	obl	Shittim
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	cc	and
13	יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	conj	they came
14	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	16 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	case	to
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	det	the
16	יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	13 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	obl	Jordan
17	ה֖וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙	nsubj	he
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 כָל־	cc	and
19	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 ה֖וּא	conj	all
20	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 כָל־	compound:smixut	the people
21	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	20 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Israel
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יָּלִ֥נוּ	cc	and
23	יָּלִ֥נוּ	לין	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	conj	they stayed
24	שָׁ֖ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	23 יָּלִ֥נוּ	advmod	there
25	טֶ֥רֶם	טֶרֶם	ADV	_	26 יַעֲבֹֽרוּ	advmod	before
26	יַעֲבֹֽרוּ	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	23 יָּלִ֥נוּ	parataxis	they passed over
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 יַעֲבֹֽרוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יַּשְׁכֵּם he rose early	wayyiqtol · hiphil	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
יִּסְעוּ they set out	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + בְּנֵי the people
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal	הוּא he + בְּנֵי the people
יָּלִנוּ they stayed	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + בְּנֵי the people
יַעֲבֹֽרוּ they passed over	yiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + בְּנֵי the people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאַקְדֵים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּצַפְרָא וּנְטַלוּ מִשִׁטִין וַאֲתוֹ עַד יַרְדְנָא הוּא וְכָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָתוּ תַמָן קֳדָם יַעַבְּרוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:42.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.1/