Joshua 5:5 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: people · What happens: come out, circumcise, bear, come, not circumcise · To what, where: people, wilderness, Egypt

This is Joshua 5:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to people, wilderness, Egypt, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃

For all the people that came out were circumcised; but all the people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, had not been circumcised.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	2 מֻלִ֣ים	mark	(dm)
2	מֻלִ֣ים	מוּל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	root	root	circumcised
3	הָי֔וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 מֻלִ֣ים	cop	they had been
4	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 מֻלִ֣ים	nsubj	all
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 עָ֖ם	det	the
6	עָ֖ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
7	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	8 יֹּֽצְאִ֑ים	mark	[which] came
8	יֹּֽצְאִ֑ים	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	4 כָּל־	acl:relcl	out
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 מָֽלוּ	cc	and
10	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 מָֽלוּ	nsubj	all
11	הָ֠	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 עָם	det	the
12	עָם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 יִּלֹּדִ֨ים	det	(the)
14	יִּלֹּדִ֨ים	יִלּוֹד	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 עָם	amod	born
15	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 מִּדְבָּ֥ר	case	in
16	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 מִּדְבָּ֥ר	det	the
17	מִּדְבָּ֥ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יִּלֹּדִ֨ים	obl	wilderness
18	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 דֶּ֛רֶךְ	case	on
19	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 דֶּ֛רֶךְ	det	the
20	דֶּ֛רֶךְ	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 יִּלֹּדִ֨ים	obl	way
21	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 צֵאת	case	when
22	צֵאת	יָצָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 יִּלֹּדִ֨ים	advcl	they
23	ָ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 צֵאת	nsubj	went out
24	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	25 מִּצְרַ֖יִם	case	from
25	מִּצְרַ֖יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	22 צֵאת	obl	Egypt
26	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	27 מָֽלוּ	advmod	not
27	מָֽלוּ	מוּל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 מֻלִ֣ים	conj	people had circumcised
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 מָֽלוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
מֻלִים circumcised	participle passive · qal		עָם people
הָיוּ they had been	qatal · qal	עָם people
יֹּֽצְאִים out	participle active · qal	עָם people
צֵאת they	infinitive construct · qal	ָם went out
not מָֽלוּ people had circumcised	qatal · qal	עָם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי גְזִירִין הֲווֹ כָּל עַמָא דִי נְפַקוּ וְכָל עַמָא דְאִתְיְלִידוּ בְּמַדְבְּרָא בְּאָרְחָא בְּמִפַּקְהוֹן מִמִצְרַיִם לָא גְזָרוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For all the people that came out were circumcised; but all the people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, had not been circumcised.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:87.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.5/