Nahum 2:8 נַחוּם
Who acts: handmaids · What happens: uncover, carry away, moan, tabor · To what, where: queen
This is Nahum 2:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — handmaids — and what happens in the verse to queen, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וְהֻצַּ֖ב גֻּלְּתָ֣ה הֹֽעֲלָ֑תָה וְאַמְהֹתֶ֗יהָ מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ כְּק֣וֹל יוֹנִ֔ים מְתֹפְפֹ֖ת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶֽן׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 3 גֻּלְּתָ֣ה | cc | and |
| 2 | הֻצַּ֖ב | נָצַב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 גֻּלְּתָ֣ה | nsubj | it has been fixed |
| 3 | גֻּלְּתָ֣ה | גָּלָה | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it was uncovered |
| 4 | הֹֽעֲלָ֑תָה | עָלָה | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 גֻּלְּתָ֣ה | parataxis | it was taken away |
| 5 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ | cc | and |
| 6 | אַמְהֹתֶ֗י | אָמָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 8 מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ | nsubj | maidservants |
| 7 | הָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 אַמְהֹתֶ֗י | nmod:poss | its |
| 8 | מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ | נָהַג | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur | 3 גֻּלְּתָ֣ה | conj | [are] moaning |
| 9 | כְּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 10 ק֣וֹל | case | like [the] |
| 10 | ק֣וֹל | קוֹל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ | obl | sound |
| 11 | יוֹנִ֔ים | יוֹנָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 10 ק֣וֹל | compound:smixut | of doves |
| 12 | מְתֹפְפֹ֖ת | תָּפַף | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=POEL Number=Plur | 3 גֻּלְּתָ֣ה | parataxis | [they are] beating |
| 13 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 14 לִבְב | case | on |
| 14 | לִבְב | לֵבָב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 12 מְתֹפְפֹ֖ת | obl | hearts |
| 15 | ֵהֶֽן | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 לִבְב | nmod:poss | their |
| 16 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 15 ֵהֶֽן | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| גֻּלְּתָה it was uncovered | qatal · pual | הֻצַּב it has been fixed | |||
| הֹֽעֲלָתָה it was taken away | qatal · hophal | הֻצַּב it has been fixed | |||
| מְנַֽהֲגוֹת [are] moaning | participle active · piel | אַמְהֹתֶי maidservants | |||
| מְתֹפְפֹת [they are] beating | participle active · poel | אַמְהֹתֶי maidservants |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וּמַלְכְּתָא יָתְבַת צִיבָא בְגָלַיָא נַפְקַת וְאַמְהָתָהָא מַדְבְּרָן אָזְלָן בַּתְרָאָה מְנַהֲמָן כְּקַל יוֹנִים מְטַרְפָן עַל לִבֵּיהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:21.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.8/