1 Kings 19:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave.
Who acts: it, Elijah · What happens: be, hear, wrap, go out, stand · To what, where: earthquake, face, mantle, entrance
This is 1 Kings 19:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Elijah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 so | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 so | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 so | cop |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 heard | punct |
| 6 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 8 heard | mark |
| 7 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 heard | nsubj |
| 8 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 so | advcl |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 heard | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 wrapped | punct |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 wrapped | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 wrapped | nsubj |
| 13 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 so | ccomp |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 face | nmod:poss |
| 15 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 wrapped | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 mantle | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 mantle | nmod:poss |
| 18 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 wrapped | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 went | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 went | cc |
| 21 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 wrapped | conj |
| 22 | out | out | ADV | _ | 21 went | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 stood | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 stood | cc |
| 25 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 wrapped | conj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 entrance | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 entrance | det |
| 28 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stood | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 cave | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 cave | det |
| 31 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 entrance | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 so | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | it | so property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hear | past | Elijah | earthquake | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | wrap | past | Elijah | Elijah's face | Elijah's mantle | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent face=Theme in mantle=Destination | |||
| 4 | go out | past | Elijah not said here | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | stand | past | Elijah not said here | the entrance of the cave | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in entrance=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיָּ֤לֶט פָּנָיו֙ בְּאַדַּרְתּ֔וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֕א וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ ק֔וֹל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃
1 Kings 19:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave.
- And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou here, Elijah?'
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:715 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.715/