1 Samuel 18:3 · JPS 1917
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul.
Who acts: Jonathan · What happens: make, love · To what, where: covenant, David
This is 1 Samuel 18:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 made | advmod |
| 2 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 covenant | det |
| 5 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 David | case |
| 7 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 loved | punct |
| 9 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 loved | mark |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 loved | nsubj |
| 11 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | advcl |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 loved | obj |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 soul | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 soul | nmod:poss |
| 15 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 soul | amod |
| 16 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 loved | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Jonathan | a covenant | then | with David | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Product | ||
| 2 | love | past | Jonathan | David | as Jonathan's own soul | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃
1 Samuel 18:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:517 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.517/