1 Samuel 20:16 · JPS 1917
So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David: 'The LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.'
Who acts: Jonathan, LORD · What happens: make, require · To what, where: covenant, hand
This is 1 Samuel 20:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 made | advmod |
| 2 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 covenant | det |
| 5 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 house | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 house | det |
| 8 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 covenant | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 David | case |
| 10 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 house | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 require | punct |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 require | punct |
| 13 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 LORD | det |
| 14 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 require | nsubj |
| 15 | even | even | ADV | _ | 16 require | advmod |
| 16 | require | require | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 require | obj |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 hand | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hand | det |
| 20 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 require | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 enemies | case |
| 22 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 David | case |
| 24 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hand | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 require | punct |
| 26 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 require | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Jonathan | a covenant | with the house of David | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Product | |||
| 2 | require | present | the LORD | covenant | the hand of David's enemies | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Precondition |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן עִם־בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד וּבִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִיַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃
1 Samuel 20:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:591 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.591/