1 Samuel 25:39 · JPS 1917
And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said: 'Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back His servant from evil; and the evil-doing of Nabal hath the LORD returned upon his own head.' And David sent and spoke concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.
Who acts: David, Nabal, LORD, evil doing · What happens: hear, be, say, plead, keep back, return · To what, where: cause, hand, servant, evil, Abigail, lord · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Samuel 25:39 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Nabal, LORD, evil doing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 heard | mark |
| 3 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 dead | mark |
| 6 | Nabal | Nabal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 dead | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 dead | cop |
| 8 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heard | ccomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 Blessed | punct |
| 13 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 14 Blessed | punct |
| 14 | Blessed | bless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 said | ccomp |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 Blessed | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 LORD | det |
| 17 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Blessed | nsubj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 pleaded | punct |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 pleaded | nsubj |
| 20 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 pleaded | aux |
| 21 | pleaded | plead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 LORD | acl:relcl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 cause | det |
| 23 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pleaded | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 reproach | case |
| 25 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 reproach | nmod:poss |
| 26 | reproach | reproach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cause | nmod |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 hand | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 hand | det |
| 29 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pleaded | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Nabal | case |
| 31 | Nabal | Nabal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 hand | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 kept | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 kept | cc |
| 34 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 kept | aux |
| 35 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 pleaded | conj |
| 36 | back | back | ADV | _ | 35 kept | advmod |
| 37 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 servant | nmod:poss |
| 38 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 kept | obj |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 evil | case |
| 40 | evil | evil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 kept | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 returned | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 returned | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 doing | det |
| 44 | evil | evil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 doing | compound |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 evil | punct |
| 46 | doing | doing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 returned | nsubj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 Nabal | case |
| 48 | Nabal | Nabal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 doing | nmod |
| 49 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 returned | aux |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 LORD | det |
| 51 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 returned | nsubj |
| 52 | returned | return | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 Blessed | conj |
| 53 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 56 head | case |
| 54 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 head | nmod:poss |
| 55 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 head | amod |
| 56 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 returned | obl |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 58 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 59 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 sent | cc |
| 60 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 sent | nsubj |
| 61 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | conj |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 spoke | cc |
| 63 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 sent | conj |
| 64 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 65 Abigail | case |
| 65 | Abigail | Abigail | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 spoke | obl |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 take | punct |
| 67 | to | to | PART | _ | 68 take | mark |
| 68 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 63 spoke | advcl |
| 69 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 68 take | obj |
| 70 | to | to | ADP | _ | 71 him | case |
| 71 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 68 take | obl |
| 72 | to | to | ADP | _ | 73 wife | case |
| 73 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 take | obl |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- changed polarity=pos, act=narrate, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | David | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | Nabal | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | infinitive | the LORD | bless property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | plead speech: request | present · perfect | the LORD | the cause of my reproach | the hand of Nabal | tree rules | |||
| 6 | keep back | present · perfect | the LORD not said here | lord's servant | evil | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer servant=Beneficiary from evil=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | return | present · perfect | the evil doing of Nabal | upon lord's own head | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | send | past | David | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | speak speech: other | past | David not said here | concern Abigail | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | concern | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||||
| 11 | take | to-infinitive | David not said here | Abigail | lord | to wife | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to he=Destination | ||
| 12 | cause | my reproach | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
1 Samuel 25:39: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:761 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.761/