1 Samuel 28:15 · JPS 1917
And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.'
Who acts: Samuel, thou, Saul, I, Philistines · What happens: say, disquiet, bring up, answer, be, make · To what, where: Saul, me, war, God, thee · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Samuel 28:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Samuel, thou, Saul, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Samuel | Samuel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 Saul | case |
| 5 | Saul | Saul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 disquieted | punct |
| 7 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 disquieted | punct |
| 8 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 disquieted | advmod |
| 9 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 disquieted | aux |
| 10 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 11 disquieted | nsubj |
| 11 | disquieted | disquiet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 said | ccomp |
| 12 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 disquieted | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 bring | punct |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 bring | mark |
| 15 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 disquieted | advcl |
| 16 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 bring | obj |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 bring | compound:prt |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 11 disquieted | punct |
| 19 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 disquieted | punct |
| 20 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 answered | cc |
| 21 | Saul | Saul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 answered | nsubj |
| 22 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 distressed | punct |
| 24 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 28 distressed | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 distressed | nsubj |
| 26 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 distressed | cop |
| 27 | sore | sore | ADV | _ | 28 distressed | advmod |
| 28 | distressed | distress | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 answered | ccomp |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 make | punct |
| 30 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 33 make | mark |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Philistines | det |
| 32 | Philistines | Philistines | PROPN | Number=Plur | 33 make | nsubj |
| 33 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 distressed | advcl |
| 34 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 make | obj |
| 35 | against | against | ADP | _ | 36 me | case |
| 36 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 make | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 departed | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 departed | cc |
| 39 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 departed | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 departed | aux:pass |
| 41 | departed | depart | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 make | conj |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 me | case |
| 43 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 departed | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 answereth | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 answereth | cc |
| 46 | answereth | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 departed | conj |
| 47 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 answereth | obj |
| 48 | no | no | ADV | _ | 49 more | advmod |
| 49 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 46 answereth | advmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 prophets | punct |
| 51 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 53 prophets | cc:preconj |
| 52 | by | by | ADP | _ | 53 prophets | case |
| 53 | prophets | prophet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 answereth | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 dreams | punct |
| 55 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 57 dreams | cc |
| 56 | by | by | ADP | _ | 57 dreams | case |
| 57 | dreams | dream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 prophets | conj |
| 58 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 62 called | punct |
| 59 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 62 called | advmod |
| 60 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 62 called | nsubj |
| 61 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 62 called | aux |
| 62 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 distressed | parataxis |
| 63 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 62 called | obj |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 make | punct |
| 65 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 68 make | mark |
| 66 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 68 make | nsubj |
| 67 | mayest | may | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 68 make | aux |
| 68 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 62 called | advcl |
| 69 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 68 make | xcomp |
| 70 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 71 me | case |
| 71 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 69 known | obl |
| 72 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 75 do | obj |
| 73 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 75 do | nsubj |
| 74 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 75 do | aux |
| 75 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 known | ccomp |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 77 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- express
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed act=express
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Samuel | Saul | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient whether/if S»: agent=Pivot to saul=Experiencer clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | disquiet | present · perfect | thou | me | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | bring up | to-infinitive | thou not said here | me | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient | ||||
| 4 | answer speech: assert | past | Saul | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | I | distress, sore property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | present | the Philistines | war | against me | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Product | |||
| 7 | depart | present · passive | God | from me | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial_Location | ||||
| 8 | answer speech: assert | present | me | by prophets nor dreams | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent i=Eventuality | ||||
| 9 | call | present · perfect | I | thee | therefore property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient | |||
| 10 | make | may | thou | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | know | participle | thou not said here | unto me | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 12 | do | shall | I | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לָ֥מָּה הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי לְהַעֲל֣וֹת אֹתִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁ֠אוּל צַר־לִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים ׀ נִלְחָמִ֣ים בִּ֗י וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים סָ֤ר מֵֽעָלַי֙ וְלֹֽא־עָנָ֣נִי ע֗וֹד גַּ֤ם בְּיַֽד־הַנְּבִיאִם֙ גַּם־בַּ֣חֲלֹמ֔וֹת וָאֶקְרָאֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ לְהוֹדִיעֵ֖נִי מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ס
1 Samuel 28:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:825 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.825/