2 Kings 8:12 · JPS 1917
And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.'
Who acts: Hazael, I, thou · What happens: say, weep, answer, know, do, set · To what, where: lord, evil, strongholds, fire, young men, little ones · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Kings 8:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hazael, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Hazael | Hazael | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 weepeth | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 weepeth | punct |
| 6 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 weepeth | advmod |
| 7 | weepeth | weep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 8 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 lord | nmod:poss |
| 9 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 weepeth | obj |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 weepeth | punct |
| 11 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 weepeth | punct |
| 12 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 answered | cc |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 answered | nsubj |
| 14 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 know | punct |
| 16 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 know | punct |
| 17 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 know | mark |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 know | nsubj |
| 19 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 answered | ccomp |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 evil | det |
| 21 | evil | evil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 know | obj |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 do | obj |
| 23 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 25 do | nsubj |
| 24 | wilt | will | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 25 do | aux |
| 25 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 evil | acl:relcl |
| 26 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 28 children | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 children | det |
| 28 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 do | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Israel | case |
| 30 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 children | nmod |
| 31 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 36 set | punct |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 strongholds | nmod:poss |
| 33 | strongholds | stronghold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 set | obj |
| 34 | wilt | will | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 36 set | aux |
| 35 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 36 set | nsubj |
| 36 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | parataxis |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 fire | case |
| 38 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 set | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 slay | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 slay | cc |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 men | nmod:poss |
| 42 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 men | amod |
| 43 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 slay | obj |
| 44 | wilt | will | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 46 slay | aux |
| 45 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 46 slay | nsubj |
| 46 | slay | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 set | conj |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 sword | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 sword | det |
| 49 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 slay | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 dash | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 dash | cc |
| 52 | wilt | will | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 53 dash | aux |
| 53 | dash | dash | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 slay | conj |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 pieces | case |
| 55 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 dash | obl |
| 56 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 ones | nmod:poss |
| 57 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 ones | amod |
| 58 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 dash | obj |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 rip | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 rip | cc |
| 61 | rip | rip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 dash | conj |
| 62 | up | up | ADP | _ | 61 rip | compound:prt |
| 63 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 women | nmod:poss |
| 64 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 rip | obj |
| 65 | with | with | ADP | _ | 66 child | case |
| 66 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 rip | obl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 68 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hazael | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | weep | present | my lord | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lord=Theme | |||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | past | Hazael | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | know | present | I | the evil | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer evil=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | do | future | thou | the evil | unto the children of Israel | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | set | future | thou | children's strongholds | fire | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent stronghold=Theme on fire=Destination | |||
| 7 | slay | future | thou | strongholds's young men | with the sword | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent man=Patient with sword=Instrument | |||
| 8 | dash | future | thou not said here | strongholds's little ones | pieces | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent one=Theme in piece=Trajectory | |||
| 9 | rip up | infinitive | thou not said here | strongholds's women | with child | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent woman=Patient with child=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲזָאֵ֔ל מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֡אמֶר כִּֽי־יָדַ֡עְתִּי אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָעָ֗ה מִבְצְרֵיהֶ֞ם תְּשַׁלַּ֤ח בָּאֵשׁ֙ וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תַּהֲרֹ֔ג וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם תְּרַטֵּ֔שׁ וְהָרֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תְּבַקֵּֽעַ׃
2 Kings 8:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2KI:235 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.235/