2 Kings 23:8 · JPS 1917

And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had made offerings, from Geba to Beer-sheba; and he broke down the high places of the gates that were at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand as he entered the gate of the city.

Who acts: king, priests, gates, gate · What happens: bring, defile, make, break down, be, enter · To what, where: priests, cities, high places, offerings, Geba, entrance

This is 2 Kings 23:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, priests, gates, gate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 brought	cc
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 brought	nsubj
3	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 priests	det:predet
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 priests	det
6	priests	priest	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 brought	obj
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 cities	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cities	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cities	det
10	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 brought	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Judah	case
12	Judah	Judah	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 cities	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 defiled	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 defiled	cc
15	defiled	defile	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 brought	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 places	det
17	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 places	amod
18	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 defiled	obj
19	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	23 made	advmod
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 priests	det
21	priests	priest	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 made	nsubj
22	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 made	aux
23	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 places	acl:relcl
24	offerings	offering	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 made	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 Geba	punct
26	from	from	ADP	_	27 Geba	case
27	Geba	Geba	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 made	obl
28	to	to	ADP	_	31 sheba	case
29	Beer	Beer	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 sheba	compound
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	31 sheba	punct
31	sheba	Sheba	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 Geba	nmod
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 broke	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 broke	cc
34	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 broke	nsubj
35	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 brought	conj
36	down	down	ADP	_	35 broke	compound:prt
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 places	det
38	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 places	amod
39	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 broke	obj
40	of	of	ADP	_	42 gates	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 gates	det
42	gates	gate	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 places	nmod
43	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	47 entrance	nsubj
44	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	47 entrance	cop
45	at	at	ADP	_	47 entrance	case
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 entrance	det
47	entrance	entrance	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 gates	acl:relcl
48	of	of	ADP	_	50 gate	case
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 gate	det
50	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 entrance	nmod
51	of	of	ADP	_	52 Joshua	case
52	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	Number=Sing	50 gate	nmod
53	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 governor	det
54	governor	governor	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 Joshua	appos
55	of	of	ADP	_	57 city	case
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 city	det
57	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 governor	nmod
58	,	,	PUNCT	_	66 hand	punct
59	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	66 hand	nsubj
60	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	66 hand	cop
61	on	on	ADP	_	66 hand	case
62	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	63 man	det
63	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 hand	nmod:poss
64	's	's	PART	_	63 man	case
65	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	66 hand	amod
66	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 gate	acl:relcl
67	as	as	SCONJ	_	69 entered	mark
68	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	69 entered	nsubj
69	entered	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	66 hand	advcl
70	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	71 gate	det
71	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	69 entered	obj
72	of	of	ADP	_	74 city	case
73	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	74 city	det
74	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	71 gate	nmod
75	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 brought	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bring	past	king	all priests	the cities of Judah		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent priest=Theme out city=Initial_Location
2	defile	past	king not said here	the high places			tree rules
3	make	past · perfect	the priests	offerings	Geba to Beer sheba		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset offering=Product from geba=Material
4	break down	past	king	the high places of the gates			vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient
5	is	past	the gates		the entrance	of the gate of Joshua	tree rules
6	is	past	the gate of Joshua		a man's left hand		tree rules
7	enter	past	king	the gate of the city			vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gate=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיָּבֵ֤א אֶת־כָּל־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ מֵעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְטַמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִטְּרוּ־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מִגֶּ֖בַע עַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וְנָתַ֞ץ אֶת־בָּמ֣וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֜תַח שַׁ֤עַר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שַׂר־הָעִ֔יר אֲשֶֽׁר־עַל־שְׂמֹ֥אול אִ֖ישׁ בְּשַׁ֥עַר הָעִֽיר׃

2 Kings 23:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2KI:705 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.705/