2 Samuel 12:3 · JPS 1917
but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.
Who acts: poor man, lamb, poor · What happens: have, buy, rear, grow up, eat, drink · To what, where: nothing, one little ewe lamb, bosom
This is 2 Samuel 12:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor man, lamb, poor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 had | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 man | det |
| 3 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 man | amod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | nothing | nothing | PRON | PronType=Neg | 5 had | obj |
| 7 | save | save | ADP | _ | 11 lamb | case |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 lamb | nummod |
| 9 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 lamb | amod |
| 10 | ewe | ewe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lamb | compound |
| 11 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 nothing | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 bought | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 bought | obj |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 bought | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 bought | aux |
| 16 | bought | buy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 lamb | acl:relcl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 reared | cc |
| 18 | reared | rear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 bought | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 grew | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 grew | cc |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 grew | nsubj |
| 22 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 had | conj |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 grew | compound:prt |
| 24 | together | together | ADV | _ | 22 grew | advmod |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 him | case |
| 26 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 grew | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 children | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 children | cc |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 children | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 children | nmod:poss |
| 31 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 grew | conj |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 eat | punct |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 eat | nsubj |
| 34 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 eat | aux |
| 35 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 had | conj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 morsel | case |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 morsel | nmod:poss |
| 38 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 morsel | amod |
| 39 | morsel | morsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 eat | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 drank | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 drank | cc |
| 42 | drank | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 eat | conj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 cup | case |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 cup | nmod:poss |
| 45 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 cup | amod |
| 46 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 drank | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 lay | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 lay | cc |
| 49 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 eat | conj |
| 50 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 bosom | case |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 bosom | nmod:poss |
| 52 | bosom | bosom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 lay | obl |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 him | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 him | cc |
| 55 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 him | cop |
| 56 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 57 him | case |
| 57 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 lay | conj |
| 58 | as | as | ADP | _ | 60 daughter | case |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 daughter | det |
| 60 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 him | obl |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 had | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the poor man | nothing | save one little ewe lamb | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | |||
| 2 | buy | past · perfect | lamb | one little ewe lamb | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | ||||
| 3 | rear | participle | lamb not said here | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | grow up | past | poor | with lamb; together property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | eat | past · do-support | poor | of lamb's own morsel | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of morsel=Source | ||||
| 6 | drink | past | poor not said here | of lamb's own cup | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of cup=Source | ||||
| 7 | lie | past | poor not said here | lamb's bosom | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bosom=Location | ||||
| 8 | is | past | poor not said here | unto lamb; as a daughter | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | bosom | lamb | nom bosom «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת׃
2 Samuel 12:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:301 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.301/