2 Samuel 1:27 · JPS 1917
How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!
Who acts: weapons · What happens: fall, perish · To what, where: mighty
This is 2 Samuel 1:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weapons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 fallen | advmod |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fallen | aux:pass |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 mighty | det |
| 4 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fallen | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 perished | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 perished | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 weapons | det |
| 9 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 perished | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 war | case |
| 11 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 weapons | nmod |
| 12 | perished | perish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fallen | conj |
| 13 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 fallen | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- exclamation
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present · passive | the mighty | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | |||||
| 2 | perish | past | the weapons of war | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֵ֚יךְ נָפְל֣וּ גִבּוֹרִ֔ים וַיֹּאבְד֖וּ כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃פ
2 Samuel 1:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:32 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.32/