2 Samuel 17:8 · JPS 1917
Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.
Who acts: Hushai, Thou, father · What happens: say, know, be, embitter, rob, not lodge · To what, where: father, mighty men, minds, bear, field, man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 17:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hushai, Thou, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hushai | Hushai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | moreover | moreover | ADV | _ | 2 said | advmod |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 knowest | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 knowest | punct |
| 6 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 7 knowest | nsubj |
| 7 | knowest | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | ccomp |
| 8 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 9 father | nmod:poss |
| 9 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 knowest | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 men | cc |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 men | nmod:poss |
| 12 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 father | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 men | punct |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 men | mark |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 men | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 men | cop |
| 17 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 men | amod |
| 18 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 knowest | ccomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 embittered | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 embittered | cc |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 embittered | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 embittered | aux:pass |
| 23 | embittered | embitter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 men | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 minds | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 minds | nmod:poss |
| 26 | minds | mind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 embittered | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 bear | punct |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 bear | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 bear | det |
| 30 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 embittered | obl |
| 31 | robbed | rob | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 bear | acl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 whelps | case |
| 33 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 whelps | nmod:poss |
| 34 | whelps | whelp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 robbed | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 field | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 field | det |
| 37 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 robbed | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 man | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 man | cc |
| 40 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 41 father | nmod:poss |
| 41 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 man | nsubj |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 man | cop |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 man | det |
| 44 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 knowest | conj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 war | case |
| 46 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 man | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 lodge | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 lodge | cc |
| 49 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 51 lodge | aux |
| 50 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 51 lodge | advmod |
| 51 | lodge | lodge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 man | conj |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 people | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 people | det |
| 54 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 lodge | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 knowest | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hushai | moreover property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | know | present | Thou | thy father and Hushai's men | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer father=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | father | mighty men | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | embitter | present · passive | father | father's minds | as a bear | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||
| 5 | rob | participle | a bear not said here | the field | of Ahithophel's whelps | vn rob-10.6.4 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent of whelp=Source | |||
| 6 | is a | present | thy father | a man | of war | tree rules | |||
| 7 | not lodge | future | thy father not said here | with the people | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with people=Location | ||||
| 8 | mind | father | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃
2 Samuel 17:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:488 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.488/