2 Samuel 18:18 · JPS 1917
Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day.
Who acts: Absalom, pillar, I, my · What happens: take, rear up, be, say, have, keep · To what, where: pillar, dale, son, name, remembrance · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 18:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Absalom, pillar, I, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 taken | advmod |
| 2 | Absalom | Absalom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 taken | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 time | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 time | nmod:poss |
| 5 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 time | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 life | punct |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 taken | obl |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 taken | aux |
| 9 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 reared | cc |
| 11 | reared | rear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 taken | conj |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 reared | compound:prt |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 himself | case |
| 14 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 11 reared | obl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 pillar | det |
| 16 | pillar | pillar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 reared | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 dale | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 dale | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 dale | cop |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 dale | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 king | det |
| 22 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 dale | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 king | case |
| 24 | dale | dale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pillar | acl:relcl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 said | punct |
| 26 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 28 said | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 said | nsubj |
| 28 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 taken | advcl |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 32 have | punct |
| 30 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 32 have | punct |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 have | nsubj |
| 32 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 said | ccomp |
| 33 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 34 son | det |
| 34 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 have | obj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 keep | mark |
| 36 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 son | acl |
| 37 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 name | nmod:poss |
| 38 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 keep | obj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 remembrance | case |
| 40 | remembrance | remembrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 keep | obl |
| 41 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 32 have | punct |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 called | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 called | cc |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 called | nsubj |
| 45 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 taken | conj |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 pillar | det |
| 47 | pillar | pillar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 called | obj |
| 48 | after | after | ADP | _ | 51 name | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 name | nmod:poss |
| 50 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 name | amod |
| 51 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 called | obl |
| 52 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 56 called | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 called | cc |
| 54 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 called | nsubj:pass |
| 55 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 56 called | aux:pass |
| 56 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 taken | conj |
| 57 | Absalom | Absalom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 59 monument | nmod:poss |
| 58 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 57 Absalom | case |
| 59 | monument | monument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 called | xcomp |
| 60 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 62 day | case |
| 61 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 62 day | det |
| 62 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 called | obl |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past · perfect | Absalom | now; time | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | rear up | participle | Absalom not said here | the pillar | for Absalom | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pillar=Patient | |||
| 3 | is | present | the pillar | the king's dale | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Absalom | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | have | present | I | no son | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 6 | keep | to-infinitive | I not said here | my name | remembrance | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent name=Theme in remembrance=Location | |||
| 7 | call | past | Absalom | the pillar | after Absalom's own name | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pillar=Recipient | |||
| 8 | call | present · passive | name | day | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 9 | name | my | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 10 | name | Absalom | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ בְחַיָּיו֙ אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵֽמֶק־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ אֵֽין־לִ֣י בֵ֔ן בַּעֲב֖וּר הַזְכִּ֣יר שְׁמִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לַמַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא לָהּ֙ יַ֣ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס
2 Samuel 18:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:530 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.530/