2 Samuel 22:10 · JPS 1917
He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and thick darkness was under His feet.
Who acts: fire, thick darkness · What happens: bow, come down, be · To what, where: heavens, feet
This is 2 Samuel 22:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire, thick darkness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 bowed | nsubj |
| 2 | bowed | bow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 heavens | det |
| 4 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 bowed | obj |
| 5 | also | also | ADV | _ | 2 bowed | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 came | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 came | cc |
| 8 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 bowed | conj |
| 9 | down | down | ADV | _ | 8 came | advmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 feet | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 feet | cc |
| 12 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 darkness | amod |
| 13 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 feet | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 feet | cop |
| 15 | under | under | ADP | _ | 17 feet | case |
| 16 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 feet | nmod:poss |
| 17 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 bowed | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 bowed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bow | past | fire | the heavens | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Topic | ||||
| 2 | come down | past | fire not said here | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | past | thick darkness | fire's feet | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֵּ֥ט שָׁמַ֖יִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃
2 Samuel 22:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:669 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.669/