Isaiah 48:16 · JPS 1917
Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit.
Who acts: ye, I, Lord GOD · What happens: come, hear, not speak, be, send · To what, where: this, beginning, me · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 48:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, I, Lord GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Come | come | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 1 Come | nsubj |
| 3 | near | near | ADV | _ | 1 Come | advmod |
| 4 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 5 Me | case |
| 5 | Me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 Come | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 hear | punct |
| 7 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Come | parataxis |
| 8 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 7 hear | nsubj |
| 9 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 hear | obj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 spoken | punct |
| 11 | From | from | ADP | _ | 13 beginning | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 beginning | det |
| 13 | beginning | beginning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spoken | obl |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 spoken | nsubj |
| 15 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 spoken | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 spoken | advmod |
| 17 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 Come | parataxis |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 secret | case |
| 19 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spoken | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 am | punct |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 time | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 time | det |
| 23 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 am | obl |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 was | mark |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 was | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 am | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 time | punct |
| 28 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 29 am | expl |
| 29 | am | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 spoken | parataxis |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 am | nsubj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 sent | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 sent | cc |
| 33 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 sent | advmod |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 GOD | det |
| 35 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 GOD | compound |
| 36 | GOD | GOD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 sent | nsubj |
| 37 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 sent | aux |
| 38 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Come | parataxis |
| 39 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 sent | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 spirit | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 spirit | cc |
| 42 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 spirit | nmod:poss |
| 43 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 sent | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Come | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | infinitive | ye | unto Me; near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hear | infinitive | ye | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | not speak speech: other | present · perfect | I | from the beginning | in secret | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | be | present | I | there | time | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | send | present · perfect | the Lord GOD | me | now | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
קִרְב֧וּ אֵלַ֣י שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֗את לֹ֤א מֵרֹאשׁ֙ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי מֵעֵ֥ת הֱיוֹתָ֖הּ שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי וְעַתָּ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה שְׁלָחַ֖נִי וְרוּחֽוֹ׃פ
Isaiah 48:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:1076 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1076/