Isaiah 8:22 · JPS 1917
or look unto the earth, behold distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish, and outspread thick darkness.
Who acts: you · What happens: look, behold · To what, where: distress
This is Isaiah 8:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 2 look | cc |
| 2 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 3 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 5 earth | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 earth | det |
| 5 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 look | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 distress | punct |
| 7 | behold | behold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 look | conj |
| 8 | distress | distress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 behold | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 darkness | cc |
| 10 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 distress | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 gloom | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 gloom | det |
| 13 | gloom | gloom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 distress | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 anguish | case |
| 15 | anguish | anguish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gloom | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 darkness | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 darkness | cc |
| 18 | outspread | outspread | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 darkness | amod |
| 19 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 darkness | amod |
| 20 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 distress | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 look | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- fragment
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=frag, act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | imperative | you not said here | unto the earth | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | behold | infinitive | you not said here | distress and darkness and the gloom of anguish and outspread thick darkness | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer distress=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְאֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ יַבִּ֑יט וְהִנֵּ֨ה צָרָ֤ה וַחֲשֵׁכָה֙ מְע֣וּף צוּקָ֔ה וַאֲפֵלָ֖ה מְנֻדָּֽח׃
Isaiah 8:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:184 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.184/